Organization Review of Nature Conservancy of Canada (values, ethics, Assignment

Organization Review of Nature Conservancy of Canada ( set, ethics, codes of conduct,description of latest activities, disturb o - Assignment ExampleFor some decades, private industries, government or non-government brass sections are becoming convolute in environmental activities. All these nerves strive towards moulding human activities in alignment with environmental issues. presently there are thousands of non-government organizations (NGOs) that work with the objective of cherishing the natural environment. The power and scope of some such(prenominal) organizations are so large that their budgets more often exceed the national budgets of many countries on environmental issues. Some best known organizations are Greenpeace, World Wild smell Fund (WWF), the Chipko Movement, Conservation International etc (Wapner, 2). Natural Conservancy of Canada The organization selected for this paper is Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC). It is a Canadian non-profit charitable environmental organization. It was established in November 1962 and celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 2012. The mission of the organization is to protect the areas of natural diversity including land, water, plants, animals, ecosystems and landscapes for the young and future generations. The organization initiates and innovates strategies and technologies to conserve the natural heritage of Canada. The website of this organization is http//www.natureconservancy.ca/en/ . The biological diversity of this planet is getting bring down at an alarming rate. This is a matter of grave concern as it threatens the quality of human life and risks the lives of future generations. The activities of NCC are guided by the belief that society will be judged by what it creates in the present and what it conserves for the future (Missions and Values). The NCC secures lands through purchase or donations and then preserves these properties for the immense term. The organization procures land either through d irect purchase from the private landowners like corporate and individuals, or through donations from private landowners. NCC also enters into conservation agreement with landowners. According to this agreement the landowners agrees to avoid doing any such activities that would be harmful to the ecological value of the land. NCC has a panel of conservation science professionals whose purpose is to cook up and execute plans and strategies for the long term protection, management and restoration of natural resources of Canada. NCC also contributes to environmental education on environmental evaluation, management concepts or proposals. NCC follows a four step procedure for conservation process. Firstly, they set priorities by identifying the land area to conserve, or by identifying species and habitats whose life and health need to be protected. Secondly, the organization develops strategies to protect and conserve the species and habitats. Thirdly, they apply these strategies either alone or with cooperation from partners. Fourthly, they rate the result of their actions. They supervise the efficiency of their strategies, and assess whether the species and habitats are well protected and their overall health is improved (The Conservation Process). The NCC shares and applies various values while working across Canada. The NCC has the advantage of procuring the best available scientific consultancies regarding conservation and protection. They work in a

GEL 101 Research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GEL 101 project - Research Paper physical exerciseDiscrimination can be based on somebodys gender, sex, income, and so on whereas, racial discrimination is also a kind of discrimination, but it is based mainly on a persons skin twist. When a person is trying to be a racist very what he is doing is to differentiate others with himself on the basis of their skin color or their material possessions. One must never draw a blank that comparing people based on such things, which they do not get by choice, is actually a false comparison. A white guy is not white because he wanted to be so, likewise a slow guy is not black by his own choice instead they both are the way they are, because that is how they were meant to be. Therefore, racism or discrimination is a very unrealistic onslaught on behalf of individuals. A realist would never be a racist at all because he knows the school of thought of life. There is another approach, which sounds pretty much unrealistic as well, is of c onsidering others as inferior based on their material possessions. Material possessions are worldly things, which can be earned or which can be lost, somebody who lacks something today is scarce for today. No one knows for surety where he will be the flood tide day. Then why bother and waste time in judging people which does not attend one in anything but simply gives birth to hatred. Famous People who have experienced racism/discrimination Oprah Winfrey, a famous TV artist, says that she has been a victim of racial discrimination, when she went to a store in Switzerland to buy a bag, which was designed by Tom Ford and separated after Jennifer Aniston. According to her, when she asked for this bag, the sales female child showed some other bags and refused indirectly to show that particular bag saying it was too expensive for her. Oprah says that it was because of racial discrimination that the bag she demanded was not showed to her and she felt em leave offrassed. While acknowl edging the apology of the owner of the store and sales young lady Winfrey said Discrimination is there, anywhere around the world, every day (Hall). The other celebrity that faced racial discrimination is Gabby Douglas, who is a star athlete and won two gold medals at capital of the United Kingdom Olympic Games. According to her, she endured racism and discrimination while she was training in London. She says, One of my teammates was like, Can you scrape the bar? And they were like, Why doesnt Gabby do it, shes our slave? I definitely felt isolated I felt why am I deserving this? Is it because Im black? (Hersha). By reading the statements of these two famous personalities, it becomes obvious that not only common people face such situations, but celebrities also happen to face this. Each mankind being is worthy of being respected and is not supposed to be treated as such. The color discrimination in America is increasing rapidly, recently some violent activities that took place in the name of racism and discrimination, include Christopher Lane, who is an Australian baseball player, became the victim of three wannabe gang-gangers. A 20-year-old guy named Javon Tyrek from in the raw York, who has been charged with the first-degree murder and burglary, murdered a 99-year-old Fannie Gumbinger. These are merely accidents that are turning back the time on racial discrimination, and have acted as a basis for the rebirth of this issue. Furthermore two black teens, Demetrius Glenn and Kenan D. Adams-Kinard, took the life of a World War II

The conflict between Russia and Chechen Republic Essay

The conflict between Russia and Chechen Republic - Essay deterrent exampleBut, the 1st Chechen struggle turned out to be Russias Vietnam as Russian army was forced to retreat in 1996. In 1999, Russia started the second Chechnya struggle which was officially declared successfully over by the Russian federation in 2009. Both the wars caused thousands of causalities and devastating economic and social effects for both the sides (Mirovalev). Even though Russian military machine operations were officially declared over in Chechnya, the ceaseless series of terror attacks in Russia, such as 2002 Moscow theatre hostage, 2003 suicide attacks in thrill concert, 2004 Russian passenger planes bombings, and in recent, 2010 Moscow subway suicide bombings put a serious interrogate over the Russian governments declaration of the end of war and the control of situation (Trenin 2 Timeline).The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the Russia-Chechnya conflict through motley aspects. B y means of various researches and available data, the paper discusses history of the conflict and evaluates overall trajectory of it.Definition of war has always been controversial as there isnt universal agreement among experts over specific characteristics and attributes of conflict that would categorize it as a war. Political science also doesnt offer convincing and detailed description of war (Moseley). For instance, the Correlates of War Project (COW), an academic scientific study on wars, defines war as a military conflict in which the number of battlefield deaths is more than 1000. The definition is clearly invalid as correspond to the criteria of this definition, the Falklands War, which involved about 900 deaths, cant be called as a war, but less crucial Football War between Honduras and El Salvador with about 2100 causalities qualify as a war (Gvosdev and Stigler).The definition of war is highly dependent on the individuals perceptions on free will and determinism. Marc us Cicero defines war as a violent struggle while Karl

100 Years of Broadway Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

100 Years of Broadway - Assignment ExampleBroadway dates as ancient as Sophocles and Shakespeare eras, which translates to about 3 millennia. It forms the foundation of all drama. As a result, this American history can hardly be forgotten, disrespect the technological revolution in the film and television industries. When one mentions Broadway in America, what comes to mind is not bonnie the location, the history coupled with dreams and ideas. It represents a place where more great Americans had gathered and performed before, and still do to date. Because of this, many people identify with it as it saw the dreams of great Americans in theater and musicals come true (Everett & Laird, 2009 200). To round the cultural importance of Broadway, the best Broadway shows over the last one hundred years are recreated to extol this show. In his event, shows acted by great American personalities like Dreamgirls, Les Miserables and The Phantom of the Opera are redone. In musicals, preceden t refers to those musicals that are older and more established compared to the rest. Just like contemporary musicals, standard musicals also suffice in propelling the story or action in theatrical performances. They assist the audience in understanding the flow of the performance. Examples are All that Jazz by Bob Fosse, and Oklahoma by Rodgers and Hammerstein. gentlemans gentleman Blues refer to the celebration of the global influence of Americas blues (Spurrier, 1979). Standard musicals cooperate the audience in understanding the flow of a performance.

Homework Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Homework - Research Paper ExampleThere is iodine owner and a few managers. The managers manage the employees who run the whole argumentation. Thus, the vertical structure looks like a pyramid in which each speed level controls the lower one, and each lower level is responsible to its upper level position.It is not a tall hierarchy, but a flat model. We can regulate so because there are not many levels of positions and authorities in the hierarchy, since it is a scummy business started only a couple of years ago. That is why it has less than 50 employees. The span of control is overly less, which means that there are only a few employees reporting to one manager, since it is a small agreement.As stated earlier, the only IT function in this business is that this organization runs and maintains an internal database, which stores info roughly all its employees, customers, inventory, and competitors. This IT function helps the company to make decisions about future plans, prepa re financial statements, and update the information regularly.HappyLife is a hospital that has around 500 employees, including higher authorities, doctors, nurses, technicians, lab operators, canteen boys, and so on. There is a long list of positions in the organization. This hospital started its business 20 years back and that is why it earns a great reputation in the city. It provides healthcare services to its patients, and has many branches located in other cities.This organization also enjoys a strong, rather much stronger, version of hierarchical structure, because there is a good subsidisation of positions and authorities at every level. Each level is checked by its senior level, and each upper level is responsible to maintain the lower one. So, we can prescribe that there is a tall hierarchical structure in this organization, and not a flat one.Since it is a large business, and controls and maintains many employees and functions, we can say that it is a tall

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Risk management - Assignment ExampleThese be banks, insurance short letteres, reciprocal pecuniary resource, securities firms, investment banks and finance companies. A monetary institution collects funds from private as well as public investors to use them in pecuniary assets. Financial institutions play the role of mediators in share markets and debt guarantor markets. Financial activities may include bonds, debentures, stocks, loans, risk diversification, insurance, hedging, retirement planning, investment, portfolio management, and many other related functions. Through these functions, funds get transferred to different tiers of economy for positively performing a business function (Babbel & Santomero 1997).When financial companies much(prenominal) as banks and insurance companies sell their products, they cover the risks which could be short-term or long-term risks. There are other companies called Reinsurance companies that sell policies to insurance companies to cover risk factors and save from big losses. Generally, reinsurance companies are big players and skunk write insurance risks directly. There is another type captive insurance company that serves the limited estimate of financing the risks of a parent company (Wikipedia 2010).Financial activities are risky business. From management perspective, some financial risks can be such that can be removed by following standard business practices, some risks can be shifted to other participant , and some financial risks must be managed proactively by the institution itself. Financial companies have their own financial risk management systems involving risk management techniques (Babbel & Santomero 1997).Generally, financial institutions, being the principal functionaries, use their own balance sheets to realise a transaction and mitigate the risks involved. Thus, more or less of the risks are for on-balance-sheet businesses. Financial institutions estimate

Researching and Developing a New Business Venture Essay

Researching and Developing a New craft Venture - Essay ExampleThe paper also focuses on the micro level evaluation of the eating house industry, with the help of Porters five forces model. Subsequently, the paper accentuates on the micro-level restaurant industry evaluation, with due servant to the economic viability of the restaurant business model. The paper further confers the mission and the aspiration of the team. Finally, the paper concludes with the discussion of the precept for the attractive feature of the new venture and cites reasons for the same. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 psychiatric hospital 4 Micro-Level Market Assessment 5 Macro-Level Market Assessment 7 Macro-Level persistence Assessment 8 Micro-Level Industry Assessment 10 Team Assessment 13 Summary and Conclusions 15 References 16 Bibliography 19 Introduction The paper comprises of a customer feasibility assessment for setting up an Afro-Caribbean restaurant in Allerton, a suburb in Liverpool, Unit ed Kingdom. The paper initially focuses on the micro-level assessment of the market for the restaurant. This assessment is focused on identifying the target market segment for the Afro-Caribbean restaurant, its size and growth opportunity. The assessment also accentuates on the need of the target group and the suitability of the restaurants cuisines in meeting those needs. ... Conclusively, the paper discusses the rationale for the attractiveness of the new venture and cites reasons for the same (Mullins, 2007). Micro-Level Market Assessment The potential target market for an Afro-Caribbean restaurant in Allerton, Liverpool would be the British Afro Caribbean community and other ethnic groups residing in the area as well as the British population who have a liking for Caribbean sustenances. The total population of Allerton has been estimated to be around 30,000 (VDC Group, 2011). It has been sight that a decent magnitude of ethnic population resides in the Allerton region and it s vicinity. Bernstock (2007), had stated in his workplace on the meal preference of Afro-Caribbean people that a clear correlation could be identified amid the African-Caribbean creation interviewed and their consumption preference, with an obvious inclination for Afro Caribbean cooking. This was despite the fact that there have been considerable cultural and well-disposed changes that has been observed amongst the Afro Caribbean population in the United Kingdom over the years (Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 1986). Additionally, the rapidly increasing statistics of cutting and Minority Ethnic restaurants imply that there is huge potential for a restaurant business, catering Afro Caribbean foods (Bernstock 2007). This is peculiarly true for Allerton because this neighbourhood of Liverpool does not have any prominent eatery dedicated solely to Afro Caribbean cuisines. During the recent years, a significant market has emerged for the category of cuisine, often referred as the ethnic foo d. The augmented production of ethnic food in the UK lately is partially a response to the expanding group of African and other Ethnic communities in the UK. However, the growth in

Conduct a rhetorical analysis of Krishnas replay to Arjuna in The Essay

Conduct a elaboratenessal analysis of Krishnas replay to Arjuna in The Bhagavad Gita - Essay ExampleIs it morally right to claim victory everywhere this? As a philosophical poem, Bhagavad-Gita does not provide simple answers to this problem.The story acts as an equipment for the living which rotates on cycle of birth and death. This is because, the philosophy provides some aspect of life which cuts across the universe. Krishna uses dialogue to communicate the Hindoo teachings to Arjuna. Arjuna had lost all his will among the Kauravas whereby he was fighting against his family members Johnson, Kathryn Ann. Ethical responsibility is demonstrated here. He elevate his family members while in the battlefield. This brings out the tone of being loving and mindful about his own close and his family. We can call all these as ethic of Divinity, Ethic of community and ethic of autonomy.In conclusion, the rhetoric analysis of this book brings out the tone of war and its cultural aspect. It also brings out the persona and the figural language used to bring out a concreate message of the Indian

SWAT & PEST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWAT & PEST - Essay ExampleThe chief(prenominal) strength face up by Sampsons family relating to Hughs option is the expertise that Hugh is expected to have. The study indicates that Hugh has previously worked with different winemakers and undertaken different levels of trainings. The other strength faced by this option is the price superiority the allowance cider sells at a price higher than the regular cider. The case studied likewise indicates that the set-up run for the new process, Hughs option, would not be costly, in fact, it is just an enhancement of current production techniques. This indicates that the telephoner would not need to engage in substantial capital expenditure. The last strength that would be faced by Hughs option would be the ease of integration of the new process into already existing processes. As already mentioned, the old process would need a few changes to accommodate the new process, which would also improve the efficiency of the whole process. Be cause of the improvement, the company will get the wine breaking into the market at a lower price than it did before. Despite the strengths mentioned above, the main weakness faced by the company in the consideration of Hughs option is the current workers.

Acheivements of Women in the US Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Acheivements of Women in the US Army - Essay ExampleWhen the government of the United States declared fight on Germany during World War I in 1917, more than nine million men took up legions jobs, and by the end of the war more than two million had been deployed outside the country. With such deployments, the mend of the countrys resolution to get into war was quickly felt by women, who then stepped in to fill the openings left in offices, factories and shops. With a steady increase in their numbers in the industries, women finally made up over 20 percent of the workers during the war period in manufacturing of airplanes, electrical machinery and food. In the same period, they dominated jobs that were formerly the preserve of men (Earley 12). In that respect, this paper will describe the achievements of women in the United States Army from World War I to present. In 1916, the Womens Naval Service organised the National Service School to offer training to women for national duty ( Earley 21). The Army, Marine Corps and navy blue worked together to train women in their thousands for roles in times of national disaster and war. They learnt skills in food conservation, military drills and aerobics, telephone operations, signaling and manufacture of bandages and surgical dressings. The Army presage Corps had more than 200 feminine telephone operators, christened the Hello Girls, who were deployed for overseas duty. ... They often found themselves in the warfront and lived in makeshift tents or bunkers that offered undersize or no comfort. They went through the horror of continuous artillery bombardment and mustard gas opus caring for both civilians and soldiers. At the end of the war and after lengthy deliberations, Congress, in 1979, granted the operators of the Signal Corps military status (Earley 37). In World War II, more than 150,000 American fe antheral soldiers were serving in the Womens Army Corps (WAC). Apart from nurses and other noncombat female workers, the WAC members were the first women to serve indoors the United States Army ranks, even though both the public and army initially did not take away the concept of uniformed women (Weatherford 42). To the womens achievement, military and political leaders realized the potential of the women to provide the urgently needed additional resources in the military sector. Given the opportunity, the women seized it and by the time the war ended, their contributions were acknowledged. Congresswoman Edith Rogers introduced a bill in 1941 to institute an army womens corps that was distinct from the Army Nurse Corps. It was intend to extend to women serving in the war similar disability benefits, pensions and legal protection as the male soldiers. With the armys reluctance to directly have women in its ranks, they settled on a agree bill and established the Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) to work alongside the army. Their only dominance was to provide the national defense with s pecial skills and training of the nations women (Weatherford 46). No female ships officer could command men. WAACs Director was allocated the rank of

BAN SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

BAN SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES - Essay ExampleWe claim to be nation having freedom and equality, therefre, the set of view of mker is explicit that not llwing them to mke in human race is taqueen wy their freedom.Nevertheless, my point is that Cigargontte Smoking huld be banned in popular places because of the wellness risks, it impe on people who are exped to ecndhnd mke. Imagine going to the returnt or bars and unable to enjoy nice meal or have gd time because the place is verwhelmed with cigarette mke. Not only the smell of the mke is bad, it clings to clothing, hair, skin, and irritates eyeball causing them to water and itch. How plent is that? To many nn-mker that is not very plent, especially when it is harmful to their health. This ey will argue why Smoking huld be banned from cled-in public places.There are over billion cigarette mker cr the world. large percentage of these mker comes from America. For many years, people have been trying to put n end to cigarettes and their usage. Cigarette mking is one of the top three preventable cue of death mng mericn. Not only are the people who mke affected by its dangers, but l the people who che not to mke. The effect of cigarettes are increingly taking their toll. Banning cigarettes in public is gd way to help prevent the dangers of cigarette mking twrd the who are gint it. Johnsson and his co-authors report in their study that cigarettes huld be prohibited in public places because they are hzrdu to the environment, they have nifty influence on young children to trt smoking, and they are harmful to other peoples health (Johnsson et al, 2006).Tbcc mke cntin more than 4,000 chemicals in it. Forty of these chemicals are carcinogenic and eight of them cl carcinogenic,

Methods to measure gene expression in mammalian cells in vitro and in Essay

Methods to measure agent expression in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo - Essay ExampleThis method is based on suppression PCR technique that is a combination of normalization and subtraction in one procedure. The normalisation technique would equalize cDNA abundance in the channelize population while the subtraction step excludes the sequences that are common between the target and driver populations. 5The two type of real time PCR are the molecular beacon and SYBR Green method. SYBR Green method is the first method that was used in real time PCR wherein it trusss to double stranded and when this would get excited, would give off light. On the other hand, molecular beacon utilizes a reporter probe that is wrapped to the hairpin.9Involves mRNA isolation and hybridisation. mRNA is extracted and purified from the cells. To proceed with electrophoresis, mRNA is loaded to the gel. The current is allowed to pass through the gel and mRNA allow for move away from the negativ e electrode. To visualize mRNA, Flourescent dye is used as a stain followed by UV lighting. RNA is then transferred to a membrane from the gel electrically or through capillary tubing action using a high salt solution. RNA fragment that is in question is incubated with the discern and to remove the probe, the blot is then washed. Developmental step follows.10A method to analyse comprehensively patterns of gene expression.8 mRNA is isolated from the sample. A small chunk of sequence is then extracted and these small pieces are sequenced unitedly forming a long chain. These chains are cloned into a vector that can be taken up by bacteria. These chains are sequenced using a modern high. The data is then processed with electronic computer in order to count small tags sequence.13This method works at the 3 terminal portions of mRNAs by systemic amplification and resolution on DNA sequencing gel fragments. Primers are anchored and are designed to bind to 5 boundary of the poly-A tails for the reverse transcription.

Italian Political Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Italian Political Violence - try out Exampleship (1922-1943), Italian history, before and after Mussolini, has been characterized by an enormous volume of political ferocity (Leonard & Lee, 1987, p.34). Major violent way outs have been recorded as occurring at pace of about one each two years from the 1860s until the advent of Fascist rule and then resuming at only a about reduced rate in the years.After the World War II, Many of these violent activities came up as a result of workers and peasant strikes, land seizures and factory occupations. Others included bread riots, anti-tax riots and anti-war demonstration. While some events were aimed at the government others were between private groups fighting among themselves. Some scholars have never the less downplayed this past event as being non terrorist and argued that real terrorist activities began in the 1960s with the bombing of the National Agricultural Bank at Piazza Fontana in Milan and to have subsided with the arrest an d eventual prosecution of large numbers of terrorists, after common James Dozier was liberated from the Red Brigade in 1982. Never the less the timeline between these two occurrences motto terrorist organizations (claiming inspiration from either anarchist, communist or neo-fascist doctrines) commit several acts of violence. These activities caused hundreds of deaths, some of which included that of a cause prime minister. Thousands of people were reported injured including a pope, and in retrospect, more thousands were sent to prison for committing the violence. altogether this occurred in a country governed by a democratic political regime, no less and credibly somewhat more democratic in 19132 than it was in 1969, with an advanced industrialized economy and having a people noted justifiably for its cultural sophistication and social tolerance. Each of the countrys 94 provinces is said to have been a venue for political violence. For example Turin, Milan, and Rome.But what were the reasons for this renewed trend of

Evidence week three Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence week three - Essay useant facts that can be used to resolve the conflicts that regularly arise between nurses and pregnant mothers leave behind be identified and used in the nursing field to create a harmonious coexistence. Presumable, nurses regularly perceive mothers diagnosed with diabetes with discernment (Eadara et al., 2010). Using the PICOT format my question will beQuestion How do gravid mothers diagnosed with diabetes relate to nurses and how do they perceive reporting their blood sugar levels to their healthcare pass onrs within the first 6 months? (Eadara et al., 2010).The question is both qualitative and quantitative. It will use a mixed research design to enable a proper analysis of data and/or information and uncover the real facts underlying GDM and preeclampsia (Eadara et al., 2010). Using a mixed design will also allow me to reference data appropriately and eventually derive knowledge that can contribute to the growth of evidence-based knowledge in nur sing.This is a striking case to refer to from the nursing examination strategies and methodologies utilized within the course contemplate by the people. This is among the greatest obscurities being in the nursing field and profession in the entire world since it is a approximately related viable action done by the attendant specialists as a careful investigation. match to Houser, the fall and damage cases have been on the ascent and essentially interfaced to the nature of nursing mind in the locale specified. Houser states that the examination is about the reason for fall and harm cases and its answer (Sudbury et al., 2007). The name of the examination database is called wane and Injury Prevention. This is pointed at securing what reasons individuals to fall and be presented to damages and what sort of individuals are obliged to give answer for these cases. It has been secured that numerous individuals get wounds from tumbling down on the floor or on articles and indispensabili ty fitting medical caretaker administer to their damages. A

International relation class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

multinational relation class - Essay Exampledeclare war on America minutes after they pulled out of the talks but several circumstances hindered the passing of the maessage in time leading to what became the wrap up attacks on Japanese soil.The concept of the bring is based on the competitiveness that led to a abundant loss of life due to lack of amicable ways to contract the conflict that existed. The theme of internationalist relationships is prevalent as poor relations between the two nations had disastrous consequences. International relations push aside be defined as the relationship between countries and the roles government and non-governmental agencies play in fostering these relationships (Carlsnaes, 2013).The film highlights the importance of positive international relations to the growth of a country and the importance of proper conflict management techniques within international circles. Countries and nations need to co-exist together and respect the sovereignty o f each other. There is overly a need to have conflict resolution forums to ensure conflict between nations are resolve in a way that will have minimum negative effect to the countries relations (Baylis,

Planning Lessons and Assessment in Schools Essay

Planning Lessons and Assessment in Schools - Essay useThe teacher then introduced the lesson of the day by mentioning that it would be a buildup of the previous lesson. The lesson of that day involved culture how to balance basic chemistry equations. The teacher began by introducing basic, acerbic, and neutral compound. He then gave basic examples of a base, acid, and a neutral compound. Interestingly, he had an example of each of the compounds in descriptor. A lemon represented an acidic compound, ash represented basic compound whereas water represented a neutral compound. Students were asked to name different similar compounds and at least a quarter of the class responded with accurate results. The teacher then went up to demonstrate on the blackboard how to balance the equations. Once he gave five simple examples, he asked the students to inform to go to the board and balance an equation. Each student who was able to balance the equations was given an orange. It was interes ting to card the profound interest in which the students were responding to learning. The interest was actually boosted by the gifts for the students who got the equations correct. Near the end of the lesson, the teacher divide the class into four groups of five students each. He then requested the students to discuss what they had learned in class concerning balancing of equations as well as further examples of each compound. Each group was required to come out up with three examples of each compound as well as three examples of balanced equations. The teacher collected the results and told them that the results would be discussed in the next lesson. Lesson planning is one of the fundamental aspect of any teacher. This is because the grammatical construction of the lesson determines the effectiveness of the learning process. When making such a plan, it is imperative for the teacher to understand the lesson objectives and most importantly, the strengths and weaknesses of the stu dents. This way, it allow be possible to articulate the lesson to benefit the students maximally. It is also important to understand each student so that the needs of every student can be incorporated in the lesson plan (Satterly, 1989). However, it is particularly necessary to classify the student depending on their learning abilities. This is because the bright students are more often than not sidelined in the learning process at the expense of the slow learners. For example, I realized that the teacher was concentrating more on the slow learners in the hope that they will catch up with the rest of the class. Assessment in Schools A lesson is not complete with the full assessment of the realization of the objectives of the lesson. During the lesson, I noted that the teacher used sundry(a) teaching and assessments methods. Most importantly, she ensured that the assessment activities are explicitly related to the stated learning objectives. Once the students had finish the given assessment activity, she took some time to reflect upon the results. When the learning objectives were not adequately achieved, the teacher revisited the lesson in a different manner. This allowed those students who had not comprehended adequately to gain more understanding of the topic discussed. In order to achieve this, the teacher used various assessment methods. One of them was quizzes. The teacher ordered the pupils to closing curtain their books and asked them some questions on what she had taught that day. Most pupils who had

Air Pollution and Automobiles Essay Example for Free

Air Pollution and Automobiles EssayThe automobiles that we travel in foreveryday spiel a vital role in our lives. They get us most from one place to other on a daily basis. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA 2010) m both studies give tongue to that liberate emissions from these fomites atomic number 18 the number one stock pollutant in the fall in States. Air taint gives m all a(prenominal) distinguishable issues that affect personal health as well as environmental f spotors. Over the grades many unalike studies present been done by different people and agencies showing how reducing air contaminant from automobiles can only put on the earth. The regimen has been one of the largest advocates of lowering emissions from automobiles. Because excessive exhaust emissions created by automobiles is a major(ip) eventor in air contamination, the political sympathies has enacted many laws and regulatings limiting the come of emissions vehicles may giv e away. Automobiles be a major cause of air pollution around the world. As the number of vehicles on the thoroughf be increases, the amount of emissions from these vehicles increases. As of 2003 Leslie Miller shows that the (World Almanac 2003) reported that there were more than 107 million households throughout the United States (U.S. ) Leslie reported that the Bureau of Transportation statistics show that there are roughly 204,000,000 vehicles registered in the U. S.That upraises a proportionality of 1. 9 cars to 1. 8 people per household in the U. S. The number of vehicles registered in the U. S. has been doubling every fiver divisions. If this trend continues as it has over the past 30 years, by the year 2030 there leave behind be approximately 1,200,000,000 (1. 2 Billion) vehicles producing several(prenominal) type of toxic emission into our earths cash dispenser. The vehicles that we drive produce many different toxic gasses affecting our earth negatively.These emiss ions affect our environment and damage the nursery effect. The glasshouse effect is the suffice in which infrared rays are emitted from the sun into the earths automatic teller machine trap heat that keeps the earths temperature in a habitable range. Toxic gasses from our automobiles released into the atmosphere do lots damage to this natural process. As the gasses release, the atmosphere will deteriorate which allows the earths core temperature to rise. This process causes operosey in farming as well as the melting of the polar ice caps well-nigh flooding the earth slowly. deoxycytidine monophosphate Dioxide (CO2) is the most emitted gas into the atmosphere. The Environmental Protection Agency (2010) shows that cars release 76% of the CO2 that is present in the earths atmosphere. For every gallon of gas utilize by an automobile there is approximately 20 pounds of CO2 released into the atmosphere. CO2 is a heat-trapping gas released by the electrocution process by our vehicle s. (Cakmak 2006), Shows that CO2 is the largest contributing eventor to the smog in highly congested field of honors around the U. S. The adjacent is an emissions chart starting down the source of the seven most vulgar air pollutants.As you can see highway vehicles are the largest source of air pollution in the geographic area of The United States. The major pollutants abbreviations are shown below and correlate with the graph that follows. Geographic Area United States Pollutant Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (Nox), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Sulfur Dioxide SO2, Particulate (size 2. 5 micrometers) (PM 2. 5), Particulate (size 10 micrometers) (PM 10), or ammonium hydroxide (NH3) pic Emissions by Category map (Environmental Protection Agency, 2002).The exhaust systems on our vehicles also produce a nonher pollutant cognize as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are produced by our vehicles when give the axe molecules in these vehicles do not fully burn and thus trave l through the exhaust system. In addition to these deadly hydrocarbons, Nitrogen Oxide (Nox) is another large subscriber of air pollution in the U. S. today. The EPAs (2010) studies links approximately 30% of the NOx in the atmosphere to the vehicles on the road in the U. S. today. NOx has been linked by studies to the formation of acid rain in our in our environment.Simply said the reduction of vehicle emissions will cause the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted into the atmosphere to lower creating less negative effects on our earths environment and our health. Cakmak, Dales and Jedek (2006) says that air pollution has many negative effects on the environment as well as our personal health. some(prenominal) respiratory issues come from breathing in the gasses released from automobiles. CO2 affects us by lowering the amount of atomic number 8 our blood can carry throughout our bodies causing death in some cases.Air pollution is linked to lung cancer as well as lower birth rates that are common among people in cities that record higher(prenominal) vehicle registrations. The EPA has shown that these cities are at a higher peril for many health issues. Children residing in areas with higher concentrations of air pollution are three to four quantify more likely to develop bronchial asthmatic conditions. Automobiles are a major cause of vehicle deaths in the form of vehicular accidents. EPA (2010) statistics show that approximately 120 people are killed by a vehicular accident with each day that goes by. legion(predicate) environmental issues caused by automobile emissions are overlooked by the average person. The acid rain produced from vehicle emissions has caused many bad health problems for humans. Acid rain is has been shown to cause eye irritation as well as coughing as well as asthma in more extreme cases. Urban smog in addition to global warming are the most common factors in air pollution. Smog is a product of different greenhouse gasses coalesce t ogether which produces a visible layer very close to the earths surface cognize as the ground ozone layer.The smog acts like a blanket around the earth trapping the perverting emissions allowing us to breathe them in each day. Over the years the effects of air pollution have been noticed by many from politicians to auto manufacturers. Many within these agencies have worked to reduce the emissions that our automobiles produce. One of the major changes in our society that created focus on the issues of air pollution caused by automobiles was the Clean Air solve of 1963. This bill was introduced to allow the governance limited enforcement power over interstate pollution issues.In 1965 a Motor Vehicle Act was introduced. Melosi(2004) explains that this act allowed auto manufacturers the ability to practice stricter emission standards for new vehicles with government funding such(prenominal) as grants. In 1970 the acting president of the U. S. Richard Nixon, signed an amendment to th e Clean Air act enforcing stricter fuel regulations on auto manufacturers. This Act was the most stringent air pollution law ever passed in the U. S. The Clean Air Act has been revised throughout the years to conform to stricter guide situations as air pollution ploughs more of an issue throughout the U.S. The Clean Air Act was not originally designed to prohibit pollution rather it was enacted to define an acceptable amount of pollution allowed to be emitted from vehicles. Despite the fact that the Clean Air Act was passed there are compose major issues that emissions from vehicles create including health and environmental issues. Crabb and Johnson (2010) wrote an word in The Energy Journal showing the main issue that does contribute to the amount of emissions from automobiles is the fuel economy that is attained by each vehicle.The Energy Policy and Conservation Act established guidelines cognise as Corporate Average Fuel Economy ( coffeehouse. ) During President Nixons time i n purpose the 1975 CAFE regulations were written to require manufacturers to obtain a corporate average of 18 miles per gallon (MPG) or higher starting with 1978 model year vehicles. Between 1985 and 1992 multiple adjustments were made to make the cafe regulations stricter. By the mid 1990s the government increased the MPG requirement to be raised to 27. 5 MPG corporate average.As we move forward in time the regulations have only become stricter for auto manufacturers. The year 2009 brought on many new accomplishments for the U. S. in that auto manufacturers began making newer models that will take us into the next decade. An article written by Tarlow (2009) shows that President Obama fought hard for his place in the White House, one of his main concerns organism air pollution and the amount of emissions caused by automobiles. After being elected President Obama revealed a aim for new CAFE regulations that will reduce emissions and further reduce the U. S.dependency on imported oi l. The regulation that President Obama has proposed will require auto manufacturers to meet the strictest guidelines for fuel economy ever. Obamas proposal will require auto manufacturers to meet a strict 35. 5 MPG by the model year 2016. The following graphs show the minimum combined miles per gallon that manufacturers are required to meet and post on the vehicles. The graphs break down different types of fuel as well as the amount of CO2 released per mile driven. Chart 1 shows the requirements prior to the EPA changing the way they figure a vehicles MPG.With model year 2009 and newer the EPA became stricter when figuring MPG for different fuel types. Chart 2 reflects the new criteria with the stricter guidelines enforced. As you can see, the Greenhouse gas (GHG) score is higher as a vehicle produces less CO2 per mile. pic Chart 1 (Environmental Protection Agency, 2010) pic Chart 2 (Environmental Protection Agency, 2010) Meeting the strict guidelines does not come at zero be. Meet ing the guidelines will address auto manufacturers no matter how it is broken down.The research and development in meeting stricter regulations does have a make up attached to it. On the other end if auto manufacturers do not meet the CAFE guideline the government has allowed civil liabilities to be charged. The liabilities allowed by the government may cost manufactures approximately $5. 50 for each tenth of a mile that they are under the minimum requirement set forth. The EPA (2010), reports that amid the year 1993 and 2004, various manufacturers paid approximately $618 million in penalties. This report also included the fact that in the same period no Asian or U. S. manufacturers have ever been charged any penalties.Many have argued that the cost of meeting increasingly difficult fuel emissions has added cost to the bottom line value of a vehicle as well as slowing sales and potentially position smaller car dealers out of business. Much research has been done in the area of e stimating costs of incorporating split up emissions equipment on newer automobiles. Initially, when emission regulation were introduced in the U. S. around 1970, many manufacturers were concerned that to meet the guidelines there would exact to be costly research done to find the most cost effective practices to lower emissions.Crabb and Johnson (2010) show that many manufacturers estimated initial costs for catalytic systems designed to reduce emissions would cost approximately $3,000. The government challenged the manufacturers and discounted these findings proving that with some changes to the processes the cost can be cut down by two thirds the initial cost that was estimated. The government was able to show that the systems could be incorporated on motor vehicles for about $1,300. , which is significantly less than estimated.The EPA (2010), reports that many other agencies have conducted research regarding any issues caused by stricter guidelines from the government as well a s the cost factor included. The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) has not been able to document any negative sales because of the Clean Air Act or stricter guidelines. On the contrary, they have been able to show that the sales of new vehicles have fluctuated between 13 and 17 million new vehicles each year for the past 20 years and never declining below these numbers.Much of the fluctuation has been attributed to the changing economical time throughout the history of the U. S. over the last 20 years. Many believe that because diesel motor railway locomotives typically produce a higher rate of exhaust emission than gasoline engines, which may make it more difficult to purchase diesel vehicles in Clean Air States. Diesel engines are most commonly used on vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of more than 8500. The CAFE regulations do not affect the sales or use of these diesel vehicles.The more common everyday on-road use vehicles such as the GMC Sierra 2500 and 3500 serial as well as the popular Dodge Ram 2500 and 3500 series vehicles are the vehicles that will feel the greatest impact on emission regulations. Passenger vehicles such as the Volkswagen Golf TDI are not currently certified under the atomic number 20 Air Resources Board (CARB. ) CARB is a set of standards that the state of California has enacted to control the amount of emissions vehicles registered in the state may emit. Many states followed California in adopting these strict standards that go above and beyond the government requirements.Massachusetts, Maine, New York, New Jersey and Vermont are some of the states that have adopted CARB standards for vehicles sold in those states. As more states adopt their own standards that are stricter than government guidelines, auto manufacturers have difficulty selling certain new vehicles in certain states. Many of the diesel engines used in vehicle applications do not meet the strict EPA and state regulations. In 2010 most new trucks with diesel engines will utilize Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to lower the NOx released by diesel engines by injecting a urea compound that breaks down the NOx.Cummins, the worlds second largest diesel engine manufacturer has met all emission guidelines that went into effect for all 2010 and newer model year vehicles since the model year 2007. This is helped to public assistance sales for the companies that use the Cummins Diesel engine. One such company is Chrysler Corporation that uses the Cummins Diesel in their Dodge Ram Heavy Duty line up. Hirata shows that by using this engine Chrysler has been able to assuage at the forefront in technology. As others struggle to find shipway to meet regulations, Chrysler will benefit from the technology because their vehicles meet all regulations.The only change Cummins made was adding an inexpensive technology called Selective catalytic Reduction to further reduce NOx emissions into the earths atmosphere. Other manufacturers utilizing diesel engines will be developing systems that require the addition of urea at an additional cost to the customer driving consumer cost through the roof. Cummins has the advantage that the prices for their system will not fluctuate as other diesel engine manufacturers prices will increase because of the cost associated with their new technologies.To reduce the emissions throughout the U. S., not only are the government and auto manufacturers responsible, we are each individually responsible to do our part in reducing the greenhouse gasses we contribute. The manufacturer changing the design of automobile systems is a key part in the reduction. The way we personally use our vehicles will also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gasses. Things that can be done on our part may include reducing the allowable amount of vehicles in an area by event quotas and permits for different areas. Many people have looked into the use of hybrid vehicles as alternative s to fully gas or diesel powered vehicles.Lowering the personal use of our vehicles as well as participating in car pools will fully reduce the amount of green house gasses that we individually release into the atmosphere. In doing the things obligatory to lower emission we must be proactive and take an interest in the controlling things that will benefit us by reducing the amount of emissions. Although the government has worked with auto manufacturers to reduce vehicle emissions, our cars still produce toxic emissions into the air. With the increasing regulations on fuel economy we will only benefit from less emissions being released into the air.Many things may be done on a consumer level as well. We have access to alternative fuels such as E-85 (ethanol) which comes from corn as well as monotone natural gas which releases very little emissions if any. The government and auto manufacturers are always looking for ways to reduce emission further. As time goes on unless we complet ely stop using automobiles we will still be faced with the release of toxic emissions from automobile exhaust systems. The available resources will always become better as time goes on and companies create the next best thing to reduce the amount of emissions released by their vehicles.The only way to ensure that our children have a cleaner environment is by educating them with the necessary information that will allow a greener environment over the years to come.References Cakmak, S. , Dales, R E, Judek, S. (Jan-Feb 2006). Respiratory health effects of air pollution gases modification by education and income. (Author abstract). Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 61, 1. p. 5(6). Retrieved January 22, 2010, from world(a) OneFile via Gale http//find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/start. do? prodId=IPSuserGrou pName=uphoenix Crabb, J. , Johnson, D.. (2010). Fueling Innovation The Impact of Oil Prices and CAFE Standards on Energy-Efficient Automotive Technology.The Energy Journal, 31(1), 199- 216. Retrieved January 22, 2010, from ABI/ maintain Global. (Document ID 1942210741). Environmental Protection Agency. (2010) Graphs that show Greenhouse Gas Score Criteria that vehicles must meet as per the EPA regulations on emissions. Greenhouse Gas Scores. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/greenvehicles/Aboutratings. do Environmental Protection Agency. (2002) This is a picture of a chart break of serve down the sources of the 7 major air pollutants in the United States Air Data.Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/cgi- bin/broker? _service=airdata_program=progs. webprogs. emcatbar. scl_debug=2 geotype=usgeocode=usageoname=United+Statesepol=CO+NOX+VOC+SO2+PM 25+PM10+NH3years=2002mapsize=zscreqtype=viewmap Hirata, K. , Masaki, N. , Yano, M. , Akagawa, H. , Takada, K. , Kusaka, J. , Mori, T.. (2009). Development of an improved urea-selective catalytic reduction-diesel particulate pervade system for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Inter national Journal of Engine Research SPECIAL ISSUE ON EXHAUST AFTER-TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR DIESELS, 10(5), 337-348.Retrieved January 22, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID 1873528061). Melosi, M. (2004). The Automobile and the Enviornment in American History. Retrieved from http//www. autolife. umd. umich. edu/Environment/E_Overview/E_Overview1. htm Tarlow, S. (2009). President Obamas CAFE Standards give Reduce Auto Emissions. Retrieved from http//personalmoneystore. com/moneyblog/2009/05/19/cafe-standards-car- emissions/ U. S. Enviornmental Protection Agency. (2010). Air Pollution Effects. Retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/ebtpages/airairpollutioneffects. html.

Photosynthesis Essay Example for Free

Photosynthesis EssayPhotosynthesis is a very proficient process. It consists of products that are an good impact on different things like its impact on species. Plants are essential in regards to everything living and everything period. One way I believe photosynthesis is most beneficial in its relation to species. All living things go through a process. Plants in particular are very important in regards of being a cleverness source to zoologys and whatnot. Anything that fertilizes plants is turned into an energy source. Plants may be the fuel to energize the animal so that another animal can eat that animal. Photosynthesis is part of the life cycle and thats pretty beneficial. Along with that benefit is the production of medication being important benefaction. Much of the herbal medication and over the counter medication has traces or even entire part of different plants in them. Plants provide as many things including a cure. Certain plants like mint and flaxseed are exp enditured in teas and vitamins to ensure energy, nutrients and protection against viruses .Another way photosynthesis is beneficial is in regards to its use with trees producing oxygen. The entire process of photosynthesis ends up producing oxygen and sugar (glucose). In case you didnt know, any living animal or plant species on earth needs oxygen to survive . Its the most important want along with food and energy . There are many benefits of photosynthesis and I believe those benefits are mightily important. Photosynthesis is one of those processes that is nothing but beneficial.

Criminal Justice Administration in New Jersey Essay Example for Free

Criminal Justice garbage disposal in brisk jersey EssaySpending is an important aspect of criminal justice government in any jurisdiction. In many instances, budgeting in public administration is a crossroads between policy issues and politics which makes prioritizing very essential. According to unexampled jersey Policy Perspective (2003), the spending in the separates criminal justice system especially the punitory facilities has increased tremendously in the last few decades. This has been as a result of the rapid increase in the tally of incarcerated offenders in the state correctional facilities where the number has tripled since early 1980s. Consequently, spending in the correctional facilities in the state of New Jersey has been the fastest growing compared to other discussion sections in the states and was estimated that the figure in the 2005 fiscal year would pass by the amount spent by all states in 1975. Moreover, since late 1990s, the correctional facilit ies in New Jersey have been operating at over capacity and are rated the sixth most crowded facilities in the country.However, this increased spending due to increased enslavement has taken place as the rate of criminal offense in the country is on a downward trend. The correctional facilities in New Jersey consists of cardinal state facilities, nine of which houses male offenders, one reserved for female offenders, three for juveniles while the one is designated as a reception and intake center. It is also the responsibility of the same department to manage offenders who have blameless their sentence but are considered dangerous to the society (NJPP, 2003).As the number of offenders housed in New Jersey states correctional facilities from low capacity in the early 1980s to over 135 percent in 2003, the spending in the correctional department increased proportionally. The large number of convicts incarcerated translated into a need for much staff to manage the systems. For exa mple, the number of employees in the correctional facilities and related jobs were about 13,685. This number of employees was only morsel to the Department of Human Services.However, the release officers were needed due to the increased number of individuals under parole in the states surpassed the number of prison officers required in the correctional facilities. The number of offenders under parole rose from under ten thousand to over thirteen thousand between 1983 and 2003 (NJPP, 2003). As the number of individuals under incarceration and parole has increased over the years, the need for more budgetary allocation to the state correctional department has been inevitable.According to the New Jersey Policy Perspective report, the money allocated to the correctional programs in the states rose by about 555 percent in twenty years hitting 1. 1 billion dollars in 2003 up from 203 dollars in 1983. There are many factors including changes in the law that are considered responsible for the increased number of inmates in the states correctional facilities and consequently increased spending. Some of them include changes in the law and statutes within the states jurisdiction such as the criminal code and drug laws enforcement statutes (NJPP, 2003).In conclusion, the increased spending in the New Jersey correctional facilities is inevitable. Just as in other states and federal correctional institutions that have been overwhelmed by the increased number of incarcerated offenders or individuals under paroles in the last three decades, the New Jersey facilities have been equally affected by the trends. The increased need for more prison and parole staff, training and caring for offenders in the states facilities has skyrocketed spending in the New Jersey correctional department.

The Role of United Nations in 21st Century Essay Example for Free

The Role of fall in Nations in ordinal Century EssayThe joined Nations is an gentleman-wideist scheme of indep wipeoutent countries. These countries adopt joined together to work for demesne pause and against p everyplacety and injustice. The UN was accomplished as a result of a conference in San Francisco in June 1945 by 51 countries commit to preserving pacification through multinational cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly constantlyy state in the orb belongs to the UN 191 countries in all.UN headquarters argon located in New York City. The UN is non a world government, and it does non retain laws. It does, however, provide the means to armed service re do work international skirmishs and formulate policies on matters affecting us all. At the UN, all the Member States large and small, rich and poor, with differing political views and social constitutions concur a voice and ballot in this process. The UN hasfour main purposes, as give tongue to in its Charter 1. To keep peach passim the world? 2. To dis march on friendly relations among nations? . To service of process improve living conditions of poor passel and gain ground respect for each other(prenominal)s rights and freedoms4. To be a centre for helping nations achieve these goals. ? The UN is central to ball-shaped efforts to solve problems which challenge adult maleity. Cooperating in this effort are more than 30 assort organizations kn stimulate together as the UN system. Day in and day out, the UN and its family of organizations work to agitate respect for human beings rights, treasure the environment, fight disease, promote development and reduce poverty.UN agencies withal define the standards for unassail equal and efficient institutionalise by air and sea, help improve telecommunications and enhance consumer protection, work to ensure respect for intellectual holding rights and coordinate allocation of receiving hang frequenci es. The joined Nations leads the international campaigns against illicit drug trafficking and terrorism. Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist refugees and coterie up programmes to clear landmines, help improve the quality of drinking water, expand forage carrefourion, make loans to exploitation countries and help stabilize financial markets.The UN is central to global efforts to solve problems which challenge humanity. Cooperating in this effort are more than 30 affiliated organizations known together as the UN system. Day in and day out, the UN and its family of organizations work to promote respect for human rights, protect the environment, fight disease, promote development and reduce poverty. UN agencies too define the standards for safe and efficient transport by air and sea, help improve telecommunications and enhance consumer protection, work to ensure respect for intellectual property rights and coordinate allocation of radio frequencies.The unify Nati ons leads the international campaigns against illicit drug trafficking and terrorism. Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist refugees and set up programmes to clear landmines, help improve the quality of drinking water, expand food production, make loans to developing countries and help stabilize financial markets. Historical Development of UN When it established, its phalluss was 51. Nowadays member of united nations are 192. This estimate includes Peoples Republic of China and Vati evict which is not a member of this organizations eachmore.Turkey is a interrupt member of joined Nations. Central of linked Nation is in New York. All of trifleing with member countries are making in this space. Before this organization , there was polar organizations. Such as union of nations which is established on term between two word war. The main differences between the League of Nations and the United Nations were the stronger executive precedents assumed by the hostage Council and the involvement that member states should make available armed militarys to coiffe as pause-keepers or to repel an aggressor.President of USA (F. D. Roosevelt) propound to this concept (United Nations). This declaration was followed by a conference of Foreign Ministers in Moscow, in October, 1943 where discussions took place concerning a replacement for the discredited League of Nations. United Nations was depressionly used in decisions of declaration by UN which include combined and mentioning of war against axis powers on 1 January 1942. China , Soviet Union , Britain and US s delegates determined UN principal hold backment by congregating in Dumbarton Oaks In Augusts and Octobers on 1944.Every year on 24 October is celebrated as United Nations day by member countries . UN principal agreement determined aim of this organization To protect international serenity and security by peaceful solvation of problems and using active expedience. To provide development of rights of batch without being both differences between nation , sex, language, religion in solutions of problems about international. Language of UN United Nations juridic languages are Arabic, Turkish , French , English , Spanish and Russian. Un? ted Nations rudimentary discipline are All members are hegemon and pair. 2- All members are answerable of process of UN role in international relations. 3- Any member of this organization wouldnt use well-nigh(prenominal) power. 4- All members have to support UNs applications. 5- UN never touch either countries home affairs except for protecting international peace. Organs of UN United Nation has six basic organ and subsidiary organ.Basic organs are general assembly, security council, sparingal and social council trusteeship Council (not active) , general secretary and international court of justice. General assembly is a basic discussing organ of UN. apiece member country has a vote. This assembly makes meeting on Septembe r or December regularly, only if some epochs when there is a extraordinary they can be collected. Security Council has a basic responsible about international peace and security. -The Economic and Social Council assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. -The United Nations Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international cultivated servants worldwide .It provides studies, selective information, and facilities pauperizationed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as deported by the UN Security Council, the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. -The International Court of Justice, located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. The Security Council had five permanent members, United States, the Soviet Union, China and Britain. Six other countries served two-year periods on the Council (this was increased to ten in 1965).Controversially, permanent members were given the power to veto decisions do by the Security Council. The other nations vigorously opposed the idea of the veto that it became clear that without such(prenominal)(prenominal) a favoured position the five major nations would not join the United Nations. The United States Senate ratified the United Nations treaty by a vote of 89 to 2 on 28th July, 1945. The Role of United Nation United Nation is an opportunity for all world to solve global problems since sixty years. This is also opportunity to conquer anarchic system which effectd by dominant state .As the most exemplification inter-governmental organization of the world today, the United Nations role in world affairs is irreplaceable by any other international or regional organizations. The United Nations has do enormous positive contributions in maintaining international peace and security, promoting cooperation among states and international development. Today, people of the world save face the two major issues of peace and development. entirely by international cooperation can mankind meet the challenges of the global and regional issues. The United Nations can endure a pivotal and positive role in this regard.Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the newfound deoxycytidine monophosphate and promoting the establishment of a just and reasonable international political and economic order goes along with the trend of history and is in the interest of all nations. In order to strengthen the role of the United Nations, efforts should be made to uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The authority of the Security Council in maintaining international peace and security must be preserved and role of the United Nations in development area should be strengthened.To strengthen the role of the United Nations, it is essential to ensure to all Member States of the United Nations the right to equal participation in international affairs and the rights and interests of the developing countries should be safeguarded. The UN has had so many positive meetings on the world that naming a few would be almost silly but here goes? conventional a peace treaty in Yugoslavia. If the UN didnt exist the genocide would have continued. Has a security council that is made up of almost every type of political standing in which all have to agree if war is allowed to happen and is just.Established neutral z adepts in many middle eastern conflicts to make both sides take a breather and try to talk. Allows for open communication between all the nations in the world. Sends food aid to many poor locations. Before all the haters jump in, they need to realize that it is not utter(a) but it is at least an attempt at fixing the problems of the world. Almost all things bad that have happened from the UN have been because a country didnt listen. The role of UN in 21st Century As the United Nations (UN) enters the 21st Century, it is faced with challenges that were not seen by its creators.The end of the Cold War, globalization, intra-state conflict, and a impulse to achieve ecumenical human rights continues to separate the world between those who have and those who need assistance. In order for the UN to obtain any semblance of global governance to meet these new challenges, it will have to move beyond its tralatitious logic and employment of international peacekeeping operation essences. Sending a sovereign nations provide armed forces to keep fighting parties separated will not promote long term peace, economic development, nor aid the cause of individual liberty. term there has been much succeeder gained through the medical, educational, and financial institutions on a lower floor the UN umbrella, it has not create the means to protect those coronations. The focus of this research effort is to move away from conventional use of military per sonnel in UN peacekeeping operations and analyze the need for their replacement and enhancement with a permanent UN law of nature Force. There are two broad blockages concerning the implementation of a UN natural law Force. The first is nothing short of the nature of politics itself.Secondly, and many may consider a product of the former, is the means by which to gain the resources pick outd to field a force capable of meeting the worlds necessitate. In both areas, the UN will have to present a case that will be supported by the people and government of its member nations. The Beginnings of Collective Security The United Nations is not the first organization that has attempted to achieve collective or regional security. History is full of alliances that have been set up at many different levels to protect property, sovereignty, and people.Although there are significant examples of such entities throughout history, the scope of this work can only make a brief mention of the Le ague of Nations and some of the instances and background that has led up to our current situation in the UN. Under the UN, Cold War settings and the different forms of peacekeeping will be addressed. Although there have always been calls for some form of utopian rarified among the fringes of society, the aftermath of human War I allowed for a more open discussion of a split future for the world.The leadership of President Woodrow Wilson helped form the League of Nations following the Treaty of Versailles. This Wilsonian vision of a supranational organization foundered to gain acceptance in the United States and in its mission. This first attempt at collective security lacked the necessary diplomatic support to secure its objectives and forced nations back to the alliance system in preparation for piece War II. The United Nations Early Years While the loss of a generation of European men was catastrophic in World War I, the destruction of property was quarantined to the war fro nt.The Second World War saw not only the death of soldiers, but also the death of millions of civilians and entire cities destroy across the world. It comes as no surprise then that there was another outcry for a world body to manage conflict before it spirals out of control. With the close of this warrant Great War, the birth of the United Nations gained more authority and support than its predecessor. The UN did not immediately find itself at the helm of an efficient collective security system.Instead, it was a pawn in the return to balance of power politics in the bi-polar world between the United States and Soviet Union for the next half century. The end of World War II saw both the birth of the UN and atomic weapons. Between the spread of socialism and the efforts of a containment insurance, the East-West struggle left the UN with little role other than a forum for heated literary argument and inaction from the Security Council. According to the UN, there have been 54 peaceke eping operations from 1948 to October of 2000. Fifteen of these operations are current, but only 16 were initiated before 1989.The fall of the Soviet Union and the removal of a bi-polar system that provided supported and control for regional tension left us with what President George Bush referred to as the new world order. It didnt take long for others to coin the phrase New World disorder. Peacekeeping Types There are a number of different definitions of peacekeeping. The first is traditional peacekeeping that was a product of the Cold War. United Nations missions between 1945 and 1988 were designed to keep direct confrontation circumscribed between the US and Soviets.Traditional peacekeeping puts a military force between former belligerents to manage a cease-fire opus diplomatic negotiations are conducted. While this type of operation may still be required on occasion between nations, it can be accomplished with a troika country military force as needed. Other definitions of the peacekeeping mission since the late 1980s require some refinement overdue to the nature of the operations. There are three other definitions of peacekeeping as they apply to conflicts within a nation or among small, undeveloped countries.These operations are labeled three-d peace operations, humanitarian discourse, and peace enforcement. Multidimensional peace operations are similar to traditional peacekeeping, but have an implementation schedule and timeline. A multidimensional operation also involves separating the factions and working towards a peace accord that addresses the underlying cause of an internal conflict. Humanitarian hinderance sometimes lacks the consent of the warring parties and is ofttimes thought to violate a nations sovereignty when there is a desire to maintain an isolationist approach.However, to stop further loss of life or a threat to international peace and security may require such an intervention. The start type of operation to be addressed is t hat of peace enforcement. In this case, coercive force is used by the intervening parties to suppress conflict in a specific area as a result of genocide or lack of governance. As stated earlier, traditional peacekeeping operations between nation states is not in severe need of tack and therefore not the focus of this research effort. It is necessary for the full means available to a mod military to stand between nations on the verge of war.This paper will address the specific exigency of a UN Police Force to conduct the multidimensional peace operations required for the plethora of failed states that have emerged in the post Cold War World. The next chapter will address why the UN should form an international police force and the logic necessary of its member states to support it. The Need for Change The impact of globalization, moving beyond just the idea of global protection of human rights, and the changing environment of world conflict make the logic of a UN Police Force mo re relevant now than ever before.The Cold War was an era of strict definitions with regard to international law. In order to protect the East-West alliances, intervention was viewed as illegal and no doubt a threat to the respective power broker. Self-determination, that supported one of the super-powers, and sovereignty of the nation was placed higher on the UN agenda than any abuse of individuals within the state. While it would be easy to say the fall of the Soviet Union has caused this new phenomenon of failed states, there is a deeper cleavage that has been opened up. States fail when they can no longer govern themselves as a result of any number of reasons.Most of the factors that cause a state to fail can be attributed to competition over resources without regard to the rule of law. Resource competition may be over wealth, education, ethnic community, or just an opportunity to seek a separate life. Throughout history the current trouble spots of the world were held togethe r by colonial rule or under the protection of the East-West regimes. Two other reasons that can be attributed to the lack of involvement by the UN and industrialized nations prior to 1989 include the level of information get into and out of less developed countries before the information revolution.The ability of CNN to flash the first signs of civil disobedience, international crime, and any number of human rights violations to the watching world have forced local, regional, and multilateral agencies to answer to their public. Moreover, the people who once lacked information of the world did not realize just how poor their p animated was. The effects of the World Wide Web and globalization have changed forever the way nations and people interact. There is a desire by a vast amount of the worlds population to experience the freedoms, economic prosperity, and success they see occurring in developed nations.However, the inability of their own infrastructure or political administratio n is preventing them from instituting laws and an enforcement federal agency that could lead to a more productive nation. Globalization The spread of technology that has resulted in increased information flow has also fostered the spread of global business. Multi-national corporations are now the rule rather than the exception when it comes to 21st Century business. The worldly concern of a global business community that advances the lives of the population needs the same safe and secure environment to operate that people do.Globalization requires special attention because it is the basis and means for the UN to develop and employ an international police for that protects property rights and individual rights. There has been much discussion over the last decade concerning how to manage the effects of globalization. The rich wish to maintain and improve their current status while the poor seek to find the means to develop. Political focus has usually been to protect the rich nation s through laws that affect immigration and import/export barriers.Poor nations are left further behind due to their inability to provide the safe environment and properly suited work force to invite immaterial capital as a result of government shortcomings. While many view the spread of diligence and markets as a purely business interest, a successful world economy that involves everyone must be supported politically through the establishment of law enforcement. It is the law of the rich nation that prevents market forces from allowing people, prices, and healthys to meet their theoretical economic authority.Not all the people and governments of the world view globalization as a desired objective. The use of technology and business to integrate and expand markets can result in a clash of civilizations through diluted customs, ethnic integration, and labor force migration. Traditional sources of revenue such as agriculture and local industry can be moved resulting in dependence o n conflicting means. In order to achieve an effective world market, while at the same time promoting literacy and awareness through a global information revolution, there needs to be a sense of pallidity and security felt throughout the world.The proficiency of some countries cannot be at the expense of the majority without inciting peevishness and conflict. The UN must use globalization to promote protection of business markets while at the same time using that force to provide the means for ensuring people can live safely and seek better lives through increased access to education, religion, liberty, and means of prosperity. dismantle though democracy has spread since the fall of communism, it has not brought significant advances to less developed nations.Countries that have seen economic prosperity as a result of globalization have confined that success to a special interest group and not the nations people as a whole. Democracy is not enough to warrant success, an effectiv e state requires good laws as well as law enforcement that is timely, even-handed, and accessible to the poor. United Nations Declaration of Human Rights One of the overcritical arguments against any type of universal human rights policy and enforcement is that they are the product of the West and ethnic exceptionalists adopt not to abide by international norms when it is not in accordance with their political agenda.However, as a byproduct of globalization, the world has become a smaller place and nations should no longer be able to hide behind the veil of sovereignty when breaking international laws. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the several(prenominal) ensuing legal treaties setting out civil, political, cultural, and economic rights as well as the rights of children, women, ethnic groups, and religions, were meant to create a global safety net of rights applicable to all persons, everywherethey brook no cultural exceptionalism. The UN now has the obligation t o find a means to enforce and promote these rules until they have become commonly accepted by all citizens. Leaving member nations, specifically those on the UN Security Council, to decide when, where, and how human rights and globalization laws are to be enforced will only further delay the advancement of tercet World Nations and promote continued armed conflict. The people of the world deserve the opportunity to work towards their own prosperity. It is incumbent upon governments to ensure an environment free to exercise individual rights and provide a certain leg of protection in life and property.Although there are occasions when direct welfare is required, the issue of direct compensation is a complex one and not in the scope of this research project. Seeking the advancement of a better alternative to the traditional use of national military forces is however. The UN must use the rump of economic advancement to also promote the ideals of individual benefit. An achievable goa l is the reduction of armed conflict when nations and their population feel they are reaping the benefits of their labor and exercising individual freedoms.However, the world is controlled by the wealthy nations and the reality is they must be convinced a change to the status quo is required. The Catch-22 the UN faces is finding the trained personnel, finances, and time investment to help developing nations succeed while not promoting themselves as the world protector of global governance. A new UN Police Force is the means by which the developed countries of the world can provide the exemplar for Third World independence without collective, regional, or unilateral involvement of military forces. Values and PracticalitiesAs the twenty-first century draws nearer we are witnessing an era where foreign policy and international relations are more and more values-driven. The United States and other major countries form the vanguard of what amounts to a universal crusade to spread doctr ines and utilisation of their version of good governance and democracy, in tandem with wider acceptance of liberal market economic policy as the pathway to modernisation. But a profound paradox emerges here. As the world grows more democratic, so the UN becomes less democratic or at least mired in ays of governance reflecting its formative period, which fail to mirror todays world and relative global influence. Realists argue that there is no correlation between a more democratic world and a more democratic multilateral system that no inherent linkages exist. That is an argument that rests upon the distribution of power and those that want to maintain their built-in advantage. The signs are that the fundamental logic of such an argument will be put to the test sooner rather than later in the century ahead.Critical reflection drives us to the conclusion that despite urgency and obvious need, the UN is probably not passing play to be reformed in a meaningful way. Differences among member states stemming from power-political rivalries and ideological antagonisms have been fundamental obstacles to UN reform. These differences continue today. Even as the debate between East and West lapsed into obsolescence, the debate between magnetic north and South continues, with emphasis on conflicting claims on fundamental values and perspectives.The UN remains a plunk for and a prize in this escalating debate. Every proposal for change in the organisation is assessed in the light of advantages bestowed upon one or the other side, and everyrecommendation for reform offered by one is predictably resisted by the other. Such a situation has tended to cause political gridlock everywhere. Conclusions The world no longer lacks the economic and technological means to do more than pay ideological lip service to advancing the individual rights and pursuit of prosperity to the global population.The UN must convince the wielders of hegemonic power that they may face the same probl ems encountered by the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires if they do not seek alternative solutions to managing world crises. Past and present attempts to quell conflict between less developed nations or manage the consequences of a failed state have not had much success. Results are the continued deployment of set upon forces between belligerents in foreign lands. The biggest concern for a UN military force is still one of intervention in a crisis instead of the daily presence required to enforce the law and defuse potential hot spots before they occur.The UNs member states are also reluctant to use military forces because there is little support for forcible entry. By having a UN monitored Police Force already present, this obstacle would be eliminated. While the use of deadly force is taught to police forces, it is engrained in the minds of the soldier. The likelihood of excess force and inability to interact with the target population are significant drawbacks to the use of a military force to conduct peacekeeping operations. Other obstacles for a military include lack of continuous presence and the need to return home for national emergencies.Even if there is a long-term military presence, the soldiers are on a rotation schedule that inhibits the contact required to promote trust. A properly trained UN Police Force could mitigate many of these problems. While the idea of a UN Police Force does meet the needs for the establishment of law and order, there are other areas that will require much research and debate. Even after the acceptance of this concept by the worlds leaders, there will continue to be the same issues that plague every effort proposed by the United Nations.In addition to those seeking the exceptions from universal implementation, the reality of financing, training, organizational structure, appropriate force size, and demographics will need to be addressed. Each of these areas will require their own research and debate. However, this l evel of detail will only be necessary if the need for a UN Police Force is seen as the best way to protect individuals and economic investment thereby allowing harvest-feast and development in our ever-changing world.

Exploring the Allegorical Nature of the Faerie Queen Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Allegorical Nature of the Faerie ottoman EssayAn allegory a form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons and actions in a narrative, in this case, The Faerie Queen, are equated with meanings lying outside the narrative itself represent an abstraction in the guise of a concrete image, with extensions often personifying abstract qualities. One mien of looking at The Faerie Queen is that it is representative in a complex manner.As a mode of writing in a hushed largely religious society (15th century England), steading The Faerie Queen as an allegory allows the reviewer to perceive nature and history as in possession of hidden divine meanings capable of universe revealed to the diligent, fit seeker. Similar to the concept of a sugar-coated pill The Faerie Queens representative nature allows the author (Edmund Spenser) to conceal (largely moral) ideas from his readers and reveals them only to a deserving few who are able to go beyond appearances and re cognize the law for what it is.One needs to work hard in unlocking the hidden meanings for inclusion brought about by diligence would be valued more by the human mind than wiz that is easily understood, i. e. Una had veiled herself until the departure jump Knight had proven himself worthy of seeing her face at their betrothal. In the case of Duessa, the name itself seems to represent duality, duplicity in contrast to the one (Una) trueness, as her part varies from one book to another.In concord I she embodies religious falsehood while in Book V it is political falsehood, appearing in the guise of fair creatures until the facts of her foulness are uncovered very much like literatures Circe the witch and her cup of poison capable of altering her shape in her aim to entice and imprison her hit the hayrs. Spensers Duessa is distinctly English as she appears to be the fusion of the temptress Circe with the biblical Whore of Babylon, i. e.Catholicism in the eyes of Protestant (El izabethan) England. Her role is largely limited to deceiving appearances and seducing the Red Cross Knight, supposedly representing the false religion of the Roman Catholic perform. As for Una, her identity is clarified with vices parodying dead on target religion as she appears to represent the one, noble integrity among the wilderness, a woman clothed with the sun and whose apricot is a manifestation of Christs alluring grace.As the personification of the true Church (the Church of England), she travels with the Red Cross Knight (supposedly representing England as its patron Saint George was said to have been a tophus slayer) in order to save her parents from a dragon. In keeping with the works religious tone, Unas wanderings in the wilderness could be viewed in the biblical tradition as the Church fleeing the antichrist. Upon meeting her, the character of Abessa flees in terror of Una and her lion, which likely represents the justice wielded by Christ through the earthly exe cutors of His will.Una plays the role of the amatory heroine in need of a brave knight to rescue her from a moral and fickle fortune. She is the truth to the Red Cross Knights nobility yet they are separated, until such a conviction when they overcome their respective obstacles and prove themselves worthy of a blessed union. Her character is made to wander, and in Cantos 3 and 6 it is made clear that her progress through the natural world is upward. Her encounter with Arthur helps her better get a line her plight and what needs to be done for her to be able to transcend her suffering and misery.In a way, one could argue that Arthur represents divine intervention or simply providence lending a sacrifice to strengthen our moral resolve at the metre of darkest human frailty. Whereas Una represents the one truth, Duessa is the living, breathing duplicity in Faerie Queen. The Red Cross Knight as he descends the world of society (Cantos 4 and 5) in the company of Duessa is capable of seeing only surfaces. She is deceptive, but does that make her necessarily criminal?There is no doubt that Una personifies the good yet though Duessa might be her antithesis, it is harder to ascertain whether she is out rightly evil or merely duplicitous. After all, human beings certainly err from time to time, we are both deceived and deceivers in our own way, yet we are not condemned so easily as evil personified or military issue of Satan. But since we are talking of allegories in The Faerie Queen written to glorify the reign of Elizabeth I of England, one has to note the seeming need to vilify Catholicism, symbolized by Duessa, as the deceptive enemy to Englands Anglican Church symbolized by Una.Representing truth, Una remains veiled for most of the poem, uncovering herself only when the Red Cross Knight is finally betrothed to her (Canto 12) and when she is all by herself farre from all mens sight (34). In the same way as that of the House of Holiness, her gates remain close d for fear of being raped for her beauty. The rationale for this is that truth as a prize of great worth remains vulnerable to exploitation, epitomized in the image of Unas virginity, that stubborn forte (63) which needs to be safeguarded until such time when she is ready to relinquish it to someone worthy of her.When she is finally unveiled, her beauty is described as blinding The blazing brightness of her beauties beame (1223) to lend credence that truth is not for the faint-hearted, and in the occasion that it appears to the common people is needs to wear a veil as truth cannot be conveyed directly for it tends to blind its audience. Finally, for all its power truth is clothed in ease and naturalness. In contrast to Duessas garb of garments gilt and gorgeous gold arayd (5 26), Una enters under a vele, that wimpled was to the full low. Duplicity is fond of shows and of parading itself Duessa is set upon a seven-headed beast yet truth does not need realise outer garments to conceal its natural splendor. She is able to tame the lion, which recognizes Unas beauty and goodness and responds to her overtures accordingly, while it seems to be able to discern Duessas true nature despite her lovely appearance. 15th century Elizabethan England placed great value on a womans virtues, e. g. chastity, fidelity, etc.and this is appropriately manifested by Una who steadfastly safeguards her virginity, in contrast to Duessa who takes great pleasure in seducing men with her feminine wiles. Una represents chaste love which waits for the right time, that is, in the context of marriage, before engaging in sexual liaisons. Duessa is an entirely different subject field she takes pleasure in her power over men through her sexuality. Of course for the conservative sexual mores of the time this was despicable in a woman she would easily be labeled as a whore.A woman during those times was viewed slightly better than property, first as belonging to her father, then to her h usband, and her worth in the marriage market was often viewed in relation to her maidenhood, aside from the size of her dowry. Nowadays though, society has a more liberal view on the roles of women, their functions in society and how they are expected to act, and it would be harder to categorically generalize women as simply being the marriageable kind or those whom men should only piddle away with.Also, the influence of religion has significantly waned it no longer plays such a central role in the lives of most people. Thus, modern-day interpretations of The Faerie Queen would not necessarily take a kind view of Spencers illustration of women, particularly if one utilizes the feminist perspective in critically analyzing the said work. swear out Cited Spencer, Edmund. The Faerie Queen. London Penguin Classics, 1979.

Should College Have One Attendance Policy Essay Example for Free

Should College Have ane Attendance Policy EssayThe college should have one attendance polity for all sections. Attendance policy is strange things, and perhaps the strangest thing about them is how often they comp allowely differ from one another. There is no college wide attendance policy that disciples must follow, but many departments create their own. Some departments have morose attendance policies, but many times the policy is whatever the professor feels like. I think the college should collect a more uniform attendance policy for several reasons.First of all, the lack of uniformity piece of tail be mind boggling for student. Attendance policy varies a lot between professors. Some professors dont enforce these policies many make up their own and put it in their syllabus. Its not peculiar for a gen-ed to have a strict attendance policy while an important course for students major has a very lenient one. Its obviously more important that the student attend the ma jor course, but he or she only faces consequences if the gen-ed is missed.Second of all, many department policies atomic number 18 not enforced by professors. This is worse than not having a policy in the first place. How are students supposed to take showing up to class seriously if their teachers dont? Another reason, attendance policies do not do a good job of reflecting the importance of a class. Furthermore the at odds(predicate) attitudes professors have towards them are confusing to student. Therefore, when faces with so many varying opinions on the importance or obscurity of attendance policies, students lose the basic point.However, every student should attend all classes. Not only are professor there to teach you in the first place, you paid to learn. Not going to class is essentially throwing money away while pretending to be a student. In short, attendance policy at college should be changed in order to be more consistent. Either do away with policies altogether an d let the students face the long-term consequences of their actions, or find a policy every professor in the department will stand behind and enforce.