Business ethics Essay

The case regarding Fashion First is a very interesting case as it allows for a discussion to take place in relation to ethics. Ethics could be defined as moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior. In other words, ethics allow for individuals to distinguish between right and wrong, and to make decisions based on what is right or wrong for any particular situation. In this situation, Sandy, the part-time bookkeeper of Fashion First is approached with a situation where she noticed that $500 cash was missing from each deposit while she was looking through weekly deposit chats. After a more thorough inspection of the monthly tax documents that the owner of Fashion First, â€Å"Buzz† Thompson (her manager) filled out, she noticed that the monthly gross revenue was $2,000 less than what had actually been counted. After she approached â€Å"Buzz† Thompson about the scenario, â€Å"Buzz† asserted that she shouldn’t be concerned since she wasn’t the person who signed the forms. This brings up an ethical dilemma that allows for a discussion on what the â€Å"right† thing to do is, and how morals could affect the decision made by Sandy. This case is very interesting due to the fact that Sandy is only an intern who is an accounting student at a University. Heather Hunter, a Senior in the CPA firm, was one for Sandy to go to if in need of anyone to talk to or attain advice from for anything regarding the company. Sandy mentioned to Heather her knowledge of unlawful actions regarding Fashion First. Sandy’s concern related to the handling of sales revenues, as monies are counted and deposited on a weekly basis as a chart is filled out with categories carefully delineating the type of payment: cash, checks, American Express, or Visa/Mastercard. She would bring her chart to her employer (in this case Mr. Thompson) and her employer would bring his own written in total of the actual amount deposited on his own chart, basically comparing the two charts. The issue in this case of apparent fraudulent behavior completely disregards the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice and its principles. This IMA Statement follows the principles of honesty, fairness, objectivity, and responsibility, and if any member fails to comply with the following standards may result in disciplinary action. Mr. Thompson clearly fails to comply with the standards of the IMA Statement in many ways. In regards to competence, â€Å"Buzz† fails to â€Å"perform professional duties in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards† and fails to â€Å"provide decision support information and recommendations that are accurate, clear, concise, and timely. † The amounts in his chart are low in comparison to the chart calculated by Sandy; therefore the information is inaccurate, and not concise, as it is against the law. In regards to confidentiality, it is mentioned to â€Å"refrain from using confidential information for unethical or illegal advantage. † Mr. Thompson does the complete opposite as he illegally mistakenly counts $2,000 less than what had actually been counted in Sandy’s chart. This is â€Å"illegal advantage† as that $2,000 is in his pocked at the end of the day. In regards to Integrity, Mr. Thompson disregards the responsibilities which read: â€Å"refrain from engaging in any conduct that would prejudice carrying out duties ethically† and abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession. † It is obvious that what he is doing is illegal, and that it â€Å"discredits the profession. † In regards to credibility, Mr. Thompson does not â€Å"communicate information fairly and objectively,† as he tells Sandy that she shouldn’t be concerned since she isn’t the one who signed the forms. This is unethical behavior by â€Å"Buzz† Thompson, and Sandy did the right thing by approaching him in regards to the situation.

Arrivals and departures: Essay

Meeting the child’s needs: Helping the child to feel safe and secure and to reassure them that their parent will come back for them. Agreements with parents : Share any dietary requirements , agree to any sleep pattern , parent to be encouraged to develop their own departure routine . The participation of children: Child will know where to hang coat , put belongings and were to go to begin the day. School / pre-school runs: Meeting the child’s needs: Time to talk about the day ahead ,good preparation routine to ensure no rushing Agreements with parents: Take child to agreed school at agreed time The participation of children: Encourage older children to be independent and carry their own belongings and to be organised Meal and snack time: Meeting the child’s needs: Ensuring the child is aware of when to expect snack times, have a basic hygiene routine before snack Agreements with parents: Ensure parents pass on information about meals , when a child needs to eat and what a child should or shouldn’t eat at certain times. With babies , ensure times of feeds are clear. The participation of children: Children must have a clear hygiene routine before eating , They must be clear about where meal and snack times will take place Sleep and rest: Meeting the child’s needs: Children will need a sleep routine to ensure they do not get over tierd Agreements with parents: Ask parents how much sleep their child will need , when their child should sleep and how the child likes to sleep The participation of children: Children should understand that sleep time happens at certain times of the day for example after lunch Play and activities: Meeting the child’s needs: The child knows when play time will be and can predict when they will be doing play or activites Agreements with parents: Any specific activities the parent may require to happen , for example a child to read their reading book when arriving home from school. The participation of children: Children need to to be aware of key times when it is time to stop play or activities , tidy time will be signalled by a certain piece of music or noise for example whistle or bell Off site visit and outdoor activities: Meeting the child’s needs: Ensuring children are safe at all times Agreements with parents: Agreeing with parents where you will go with their child The participation of children: Children must have specific routines for crossing roads , being at toddler groups or playing in the garden to ensure their safety Home and evening activities for school aged children: Meeting the child’s needs: Many children are tierd and hungry at the end of a school day so a routine is needed to help let the child rest and eat before any activity Agreements with parents: Parents need to inform childminder of any homework they would like the child to do whilst at the setting , for example reading books learning words The participation of children: Children will have a frim routine of collection from school , snacks , quiet time and homework Adapting routines Good routines help children to know and expect and understand what will come next, even young babies can fit into day to day routines. It is important to adapt routines to suit all of the children in a setting. An arrival routine can be adaped for a baby, toddler and school child . A parent and child will arrive at the setting they can then choose an activity thats set out in the morning , for example lego for a school age child, a farm for a toddler and noisey toys for baby. Once child settled the parent and childminder can share information needed to know and then the childminder takes over care sharing play with the child. During snack all children and babies can sit together at the table and drink , babies will need highchairs and the correct cups etc for their age . This will encourage a social time for all of the children. sleep routines can be adapted to suit all the individual needs, some children will need milk before bed others may need a story this could be shared and then children encouraged to sleep or this can be adapted for quiet time for older children. Welcoming and valuing Children that arrive into my setting will be welcomed with open arms , they will be made to feel completely at home, there will be familiar objects around to help them settle in. Each child will have their own space to put their coat and belongings. The children and parents will be asked what activities they like and what they like to do so that daily plans can be shaped around all children and their individual interests , this will create a good foundation for them to discover new things together , it will also help each child to feel valued to know that im interested in them and what they like to do . View as multi-pages

New Car Alarm Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

New Car Alarm Market Research - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the main weakness of the process is the unfamiliarity of the product within the market which will, later on, be tasking in the globalization process and the competition. Various openings and threats have been found in the automobile market research and the advantages that the company has over its competition by virtue of its location and production line. The research results are intended to outline how well Luminescent Alarms would be received by the general public (car owners). The research is also aimed at finding out if there is a demand for its proposed product and to see if its potential customers would buy the new product with regard to its practicality. Car crime has been an ostensible global problem for decades, in practically every country in the world. As reports show that more than 2700 cars are reported stolen in Europe on a daily basis and 50% of them are hardly ever retrieved. Luminescent Alarms  is the World’s fir st silent and visual car alarm. A unique British patent that uses cutting-edge optical tools. It responds to a signal provided by a standard mobile phone SIM and makes an illuminated flashing message Stolen appear visibly on a number  plate when required, this feature, however, is subject to manipulation by the car owner. Luminescent Alarms was created by David Richardson and  Dr. Ashley Knowles to develop and exploit the idea of an anti-theft technology for identifying stolen cars.The ideology is to raise the profile of a stolen vehicle thereby drawing the attention of the public who can then respond by alerting the police. The Alarm ensures that the owners stay in complete control of the security of their vehicles and the police can launch a recovery mission as nippily. When activated, the owner and the relevant authorities concurrently receive text messages alerting them to the theft. That helps raise the profile and ensure the vehicle is apprehended with haste.  The system is tamper proof and can be tracked on a number of devices (including computers, laptops, and smartphones).

Public Health Preparedness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Health Preparedness - Research Paper Example On the other hand, practical acts of violence like terror bombardments results in physical injuries and death. Health and security are related since employees within a healthcare institution cannot deliver their services with utter peace of mind when there is an impending threat of violence. On the other hand, anxiety in the society resulting from terror threats cannot enable individuals to hold their physical and mental components in good health. In this regard, healthcare institutions should ensure preparedness of their systems to handle emergency situations caused by insecurity incidences. Prior to examining the essential preparedness measures, it is worth acknowledging the actual effects of insecurity to healthcare delivery. Firstly, terrorists and any perpetrators of insecurity do not apply discrimination while selecting their battlegrounds. Suicide bombers can even walk into a hospital’s sickbay full of patients and detonate an explosive device. This means that violence and terrorism renders a healthcare facility insecure. According to Gilliam and Yates (2012), fears prevailing within a healthcare environment with insecurity undermine the level of competence demonstrated by doctors and nurses while treating patients. Apart from insecure healthcare environment, violence and terrorism causes massive casualties, some of which may be in critical conditions. Normally, a healthcare facility with 600-bed capacity does not have an emergency department to host 300 patients in critical condition. This means that incidences of insecurity like terror bombardments may co mpromise on effectiveness of a healthcare facility in terms of capacity. Therefore, it is advisable for healthcare facility managers to make hay while the sun shines; by ensuring thorough preparedness for imminent emergency situations. In healthcare service delivery, emergency situations require employment of corresponding response procedures. During preparation for imminent emergency situations,

CARE international Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CARE international - Research Paper Example The agency also advocated at the local, state and global level for changes in policy as well as the freedoms of the people affected by poverty2. In all of these areas, CARE mainly deals with the empowerment and fulfilment of the prerequisites of women and girls as well as the promotion of gender equality. CARE International is a confederacy of thirteen National members as well as one affiliate member all of which are registered independently as non-profit NGO’s in the respective countries. CARE programs in developing countries are overseen by a country office even though the agency also supports projects and responds to emergencies in a number of countries where there is no full country office. According to its vision, CARE seeks a world that is filled with hope, tolerance as well as social justice that has been able to overcome poverty so that the people can live in a dignified and secure way. It seeks to be the partner of choice as far as the fight to end poverty in the worl d is concerned and wants to be recognised for its unshakeable pledge to the self-worth of the population. On the other hand, CARE has a mission of serving individuals and families in the communities that are hardest hit by poverty all over the globe. It draws strength from its worldwide diversity, resources as well as experience so that it can be able to promote solutions that that are innovative while advocating for responsibility at the global level.

Biology Curriculum Unit on structures and functions of Cells and their Assignment

Biology Curriculum Unit on structures and functions of Cells and their Organelles - Assignment Example The structures in cell are of both plant and animal cells. Although the students will be following the objectives for 8th grade Biology, they will spend much of their time researching the specific topics of the unit and creating products as a result of that research. A high degree of technology will be infused into the activities so that students will be able to use 21st Century technology skills to collaborate and produce products of learning. The problem-based learning activity dealing with the issue of cell recognition will encourage all of the students to gain a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of the issues facing the cell. Students will be able to examine the process that has occurred thus far and give opinions about the cell. Students will be able to get the outcome. Students will be developing products of learning that are meaningful to them and appropriate to the activity in which they have participated. Students will create a multimedia presentation of their choosing in order to explain their findings. They will draw diagrams order to learn more about the cell. Collaboration on projects will occur through the use of the internet The activities in this unit, while teacher-facilitated, allow students to investigate topics that are meaningful to them, based on the cell. Students will be able to work both independently and in groups and collaborate with each other in person and electronically. While the basic parameters of the activities are laid out, students will be able to make choices about how to proceed with the activities and how they will present their findings. In all activities, students will be involved in creating the evaluation measurement. Students must have some basic knowledge of how to use technology for research purposes and must have parental permission to use the Internet. Permissions to participate in field trip activities must be obtained from

Gender Controversy Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Controversy - Speech or Presentation Example I perceived my task to lie in the need to demonstrate that as far as gender issues excite especially heated debates within the religious circles, the example of women involvement into the Church activities serves as quite a unique tool of investigation of the wider field of gender aspects of organisation studies. In order to fulfil the described task, our group completed the secondary background research with the aim to draw from the existing research the conceptual basis for the problem of women in the Church, to formulate it in the form of short thesises applicable for the purpose of making a concise and informative presentation, and to collect sufficient amount of relevant examples from historical and modern developments in the explored filed of study that would be used to buttress the premises and conclusions of the research. The presentation prepared by our group for the symposium is called "Women, Priesthood and the Church of England", the title that simultaneously places the problem in the area of gender issues, and alludes to the more specific circumstances existing within the Church of England. The presentation is structured in such a way as to represent the prevalent attitudes towards gender within the Church, and to compare religious views of gender with those held in such an important sphere of social life as business. According to this logic of representation of information, we opened our presentation with statement of the underlying assumptions on which we operated, and with mentioning of the most fundamental statement about the Church, namely that it is a very specific organisation that shares similarities and differences with business organisations. In the main body of the presentation we outlined specific qualities of religious and business organisations in relation to their structural peculiarities and their gender discourse, and according to a number of parameters that enabled us to make meaningful comparisons, e.g. sources of motivation (profits in business and divine fulfilment in religion), basic world views (survival of the fittest in business, and equality of people before God and their gender difference firmly integrated in religion), sources of justification of prevalent beliefs (capitalist discourse in business, and historic grounding in religion), etc. At this point, we can already see in what ways religion and business are similar, on what points they diverge, and what it means for the gender discourse. One of the early important conclusions that can already be made here is that due to some principal elements of faith the Church is limiting itself in its flexibility in achieving gender equality, which helps us under stand one the main reasons of the gender controversy in application to religious organisations. After the revealing comparative section of the presentation, we moved to the formulation of thesises that comprise the essence of the gender and priesthood problem. We outlined a number of general themes that deserve examination in the light of gender and priesthood problem, and which seem to indicate the main lines to approach it. Perhaps not surprisingly, many of these themes are very much similar

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems Research Paper

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems - Research Paper Example Thus the competitive forces model helps one to understand the different strategies that the firm can take to counter the competition posed by the different external entities as reflected. Porter’s Five Forces Model of Business Competitiveness can be reflected as follows. Figure 1 (Source: Laudon, 2010, p.96) The business gains competitive advantage in its pursuits of governing the competitive threat imposed by these different parameters that can be analyzed as follows. Firstly the company would have potential competitors existing at the market place that can work on product or brand development and thereby gain on its existing market share. This product or brand development can work in encouraging the consumers to switch over to gain the benefits of the products and services delivered. Secondly the business company in question also needs to effectively compete in regards to new entrants in the industry. Owing to lower economic and trade barriers it is found that companies focu sing on the opening up of small retail arms and food joints tend to face lesser trade and economic constraints than companies in other industries where investment required is huge. In larger investment sectors it is hard for the companies to retrieve potential returns on the amount invested and thus are deterred from entering. Again in the third case the business company operational for a longer period happens to create a more popular understanding of the type of the attributes of the products and services developed. Thus this fact encourages the emergence of substitute products in the marketplace with both the prevalence of more innovative products and also of lesser value and price. Fourthly the company needs to counter the bargaining power of consumers in meeting the requirements both in regards to quality and pricing conditions. The number of companies in the industry being large enables the consumers to switch over to different concerns at the cost of the initial company holdin g the consumer. Finally in the fifth case the company needs to hold on to its suppliers from switching over to another company in the same industry rendering more leverage. Henceforth the business companies need to work on a greater network of suppliers where the company can tend to exert influence over the supplier groups in regards to pricing, quality and timely and effective delivery management guidelines (Laudon, 2010, p.94-97; Rainer and Cegielski, 2009, p.45-48). Thus the Porter’s Five Forces model effectively presents the situational analysis of a company’s external environment based on which the firm is required to develop its potential strategies required for market growth and business development. Utility of Information Systems in Porter’s Competitive Forces Model The analysis of the above model reflects the various competitive forces that a company is required to counter to successfully exist in the competitive business market. Herein the modern busin ess companies tend to put into use information technology applications that would help the company to effectively counter the different competitive forces. Firstly it is found that business companies in order to largely reduce the price structure of its products and services and at the same time work to generate profitability can largely integrate information systems in its applications. Retail organizations through the use of effective information systems can help reduce the amount of working capital that would be kept locked in regards to

Answer all the question below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer all the question below - Essay Example The company’s management used buyers’ demographic data including whether they were English or Spanish Speakers, and which stores they bought from. This data was drawn from retail stores including US Wal-Mart, Target, Toys â€Å"R† Us and Kmart. This data was analyzed by the company and used to forecast the demand for the toys. LeapFrog communicated its decision to increase production of toys to Capable Toys within weeks; in the month of August. This was after the predictions were verified by the company’s management to be trustable. When the demand for LittleTouch grew, Capable Toys had to increase it productivity to meet the rising need. However, there was no immediate way of increasing the company’s production. Capable Toys Ltd of Zhongshan, China had to hustle and try hard to get extra custom-designed electronics, plastic molds and baby-drool-proof paper. There was also need to hire more workers. Furthermore the company needed to make more production tools. The production problem was solved by ordering the production of two more sets of production tools which finally helped boost production. The tools were better designed – they were made such that they could produce unique toys while reducing their fail rates from 5% to 0.3%. Capable Toy Company had problems getting a supplier for sensitive touch membrane but then they were able to get other suppliers. The company also needed a special material that was drool–resistant and ink absorbent called Tyvek. The only way to get this material was by getting it supplied by third party, not directly from the manufacturer, DuPont Co. LeapFrog approached a U.S. company that could get this material directly from DuPont Co and gave it the printing contract as well. This move however added 50 to 60 cents per book in production costs. Leapfrog Company made a decision to use air shipping and fast boats to transport its products from Hong Kong to Los Angeles to respond to the shortage experienced. Using

Choose your own Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Choose your own - Essay Example sin, alongside his brother Agostino, made the first step towards commercializing their business by opening a studio, whose main function was to make and sell paintings to people that requested them. In their approach, the Carracci’s placed much attention on the typical Florentine style of linear draftsmanship, which was evident in some of the paintings like Andrea Del Sarto, which was done by Raphael. The interest in Carracci’s glimmering colors in their paintings, as well as development of mistier edges was an idea they borrowed from Venetian painters like Titian, whose works they studied in much of their travels. Some of the most famous paintings by Carracci are discussed and illustrated below This painting, one of the best that were done by Carracci is a depiction of a family life where a mother is shown as warning a nightgown of her so just besides a small fire in the room. The picture indicates a home that comprises of the mother together with her two children and a cat, who are looking on as the gown is warming. This painting is believed to be dating back to the 1580s, a time of its development. Carracci has been creative in managing to create a intimacy mood; in fact, this is the approach that Carracci and Ludovico have often used in most of their paintings and artwork. Annibale seem to have mastered the style of using a quick and inspired form of pale washes that appear watery on white surfaces. The use of this approach I very effective since it reveals magical results of tone in the painting, making it authentic and clear. According to this picture, the light from the fire can be described as a major protagonist as far as the composition is concerned. The use of wash by the artist in defining form ranks among the daring works of draftsmanship by Annibale, which indicates his self-confidence in his work. It is important to realize that the use of ink and pen together with the wash make a very permanent picture that one cannot easily erase. This is

Kangaroo and Feature Female Kangaroos Essay Example for Free

Kangaroo and Feature Female Kangaroos Essay Kangaroo Kangaroos are the multicellular animals and they are complex one because they are mammals. As we all know they are the only large animals to use hopping as a means of locomotion and they also hop really fast. The comfortable hopping speed for red kangaroo is about 20–25 km/h (13–16 mph), but speeds of up to 70 km/h (44 mph) can be attained, over short distances, while it can sustain a speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) for nearly. They are also adept swimmers ,and often flee into waterways if threatened by a predator. From the picture we can see kangaroos have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance, and a small head. Because of the different area to adapt the environment ,there are four kinds of kangaroos. The first one is the red kangaroo which  is the largest surviving marsupial anywhere in the world. A large male can be 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 90 kg (200 lb). The second one is eastern grey kangaroo which is the most common one . The last two kinds of kangaroos are The western grey kangaroo and The antilopine kangaroo. For eating kangaroos are autotroph and they have chambered stomachs similar to those of cattle and sheep They regurgitate the vegetation they have eaten, chew it as cud , and then swallow it again for final digestion. Because of its grazing, kangaroos have developed specialised teeth. Its incisors are able to crop grass close to the ground, and its molars chop and grind the grass. For produce a new bay they need to choose correct days because during a dry period, males will not produce sperm, and females will only conceive if there has been enough rain to produce a large quantity of green vegetation. And about kangaroos most special feature female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which joeys complete postnatal development.

Characteristics of problems

Characteristics of problems Characteristics of Problems Determining the type of problem to be solved is particularly difficult. From the scientific point of view it has not been treated sufficiently yet.   It is, nevertheless, of fundamental importance because it covers the whole field of creativity, and the problem solver(s) heuristic behavior is contingent on the type of problem.   What is a problem?   This question was asked and answered by Karl Duncker (1945).   Duncker, who was a Gestalt psychologist, defined a problem in these words: â€Å"A problem arises when a living organism has a goal but does not know how this goal is to be reached.†Ã‚   This definition is, no doubt, very useful, because creativity tasks and activities always strive to address a problem.   Yet, Dunckers definition and formulation poses these caveats:   It is necessary to distinguish between a task and a problem.   It is the subjects level of domain knowledge, including his ability to find pertinent knowledge, if necessary, that makes the difference between the two. A task set by a researcher or experimenter may be a problem to certain subjects and no problem to others.  Ã‚   A problem may vanish or be resolved if the subject changes his goal.   A problem does not exist de facto, unless the subject observes discrepancies between his current situation and the goals he pursues. Reitman (1965) proposed that problems be viewed as three-component entities, having an initial state, a final (goal) state, and a set of processes that facilitate reaching the goal, starting from the initial state.   Minski (1961) proposed a distinction between two types of problems, those that according to the nature of the conditions of acceptability of solutions are either well defined or ill-defined.   A problem satisfying Reitmans conditions (Reitman, 1965) is a so-called well-defined problem: it can be solved by applying a systematic procedure that makes it possible to decide whether a proposed solution is correct or not.   It means that it is totally decidable: all pertinent solutions can be evaluated strictly using one binary variable: right or wrong.   The solution can thus be described as an all-or-nothing phenomenon.   There are no intermediate solutions between the functional and non-functional ones.   In general terms, any tests for which there exists a rigorous method of comparison between what is proposed and what is required is a well-defined problem. Examples of well-defined problems are board games, problems in mathematics, or problems in logic.   They may be very difficult to resolve, nevertheless.   Taking mans limited resources, psychologists face the task of explaining how human beings manage to solve problems in chess, mathematics or geometry within reasonable time.   Ill-defined problems are those that are not well-defined.   They result in a multitude of solutions that cannot be classified by using a binary truth-value, but by using a relative qualitative scale.   The response to a requirement thus allows grades, the determination of which is left to the referees.   The majority of problems occurring in everyday life are ill-defined problems: the improvement on an object or an apparatus, a new use of what already is known, the search for a sales idea or a marketing idea, etc. Ill-defined problems arise when some components of the problems statement, in the sense of Reitman, are unspecified, or are vague or fuzzy.   The definedness of problems varies in degree (Reitman, 1965, Ch. 5).   For instance, ‘take a little flower and bake bread for these people, which is vague in terms of the quantity of flower and the number of people, but specifies clearly the method: bake.   Another statement may run like this: ‘Let us overcome the current economic crisis.   This statement does not specify the method: what should be done to overcome the crisis?   ‘Do not just hang around, maximize something is an exhortation taken from a cartoon, in which both the initial state, the method and the goal are shrouded in a mental fog.   Ill-defined problems are more common than are well-defined problems, but it is all the more difficult to explain how to tackle them. It is worth noting that Minskis postulate does not necessarily cover the distinction between problem solving and creativity. For instance, the discovery of a new algorithm, or a new combination of known algorithms, is a creative act. But well-defined problems in the sense of Minsky may lead to an opposition between algorithmic procedures and inferential procedures. As for the ill-defined problems, Reitman (1964) proposed a typology of six classes of problems comprising the transformation or generation of states, objects, or collections of objects.   This taxonomy is not presented as a universal tool covering the whole field of creative situations, but simply as a general structure making it possible to collect the largest number possible of the creative situations.   This attempt at systemization has mainly a descriptive value, but it is not unlikely that it could also be used for deducing hypotheses related to the behavior of effectual solutions. Reitmans work is based on the introduction of the following three concepts: let A be an initial state or object (one which is expected to undergo transformation, modification, complementing, improvement, etc.) and let B be a final state or object (the solution to be obtained, elimination of problem).   Let the symbol à ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã…’ denote a process, program, or sequence of operations.   It is then possible to represent a large number of problematic situations parting from these three symbols by representing them by a general vector [A, B, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢].   Using these three concepts, six types of poorly defined problems can be distinguished. Type I.   The initial and terminal states A and B are well specified: the relevant data are known and the requirements to be satisfied are explained precisely.   The problem then consists in discovering the process à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ that makes it possible to pass from the well-specified state A to a well-specified state B.   For instance: how can a given function be incorporated in a specific device?   This type seems to cover a large class of problem situations. Type II.   The terminal state B is less precisely specified than in the previous type, while A is left entirely at the discretion of the experimenter.   In fact, nothing is said about the state, object or assembly of objects from which to part.  Ã‚   The initial material is largely undetermined and admits only one constraint to aid in constituting the one possible solution.   For instance: what should be done to make traveling by train more pleasurable? Here, obviously, the current state represents some level of train travel comfort or pleasure, and this should be increased.   But what exactly is to be achieved is an open question. Type III.   The initial state A consists in this case of an assembly of constituent parts each of which represents a concrete entity, while B represents a state or object to be achieved which is defined vaguely and is characterized by the fact that one or several of constituent parts of A have lost their separate identities after reaching B.   Reitman cites as an example Napoleons cook who was charged with the task to â€Å"make a good dish† B to celebrate the victory at Marengo using only available ingredients A.   This type is undoubtedly less general than the preceding ones.   Type IV.   A and B are presented as consisting of sub-components and are rather poorly defined.   This type differs from type II in that in the latter case there are no restrictions imposed on search, different analogous paths, and different associative paths the exploration of which can be relatively fruitful.   In type IV it is not like that.  Ã‚   The distinction between sub-components provides constraints within which the problem solution has to take place.   The research is, in other words, more strictly restrained than it is in the problems of type II. Type V.  Ã‚   The initial state A is given by reference to a well defined object, the final state B is given by a set of similarities and dissimilarities with respect to A.   An example given by Reitman to illustrate this type is the following: manufacturer ÃŽÂ ± of some equipment encounters a serious competition from ÃŽÂ ²-companys product.   The first company, ÃŽÂ ±, decides to change the design of the product in point to offer a price that is lower for a comparable quality than what its competitor ÃŽÂ ² asks.   The task thus does not necessarily require an entirely new manufacturing process, because the added cost of the new process would not help to slash the price according to original estimates.   Besides, the modification must be implemented fast because the competing product already is in the market while ÃŽÂ ±-companys sales decrease with each passing day.   The exigencies of this example illustrate the general type V product as a new device that m ust be functionally similar to the old version but must be cheaper. Type VI.   In this case, the final state B is well specified while the initial state A remains essentially empty, unstructured and largely undetermined.   Characteristic examples cited by Reitman comprise: to explain a new phenomenon, discover an alibi for a criminal deed, etc.   This type differs from type II in the degree of precision of the task.   It is thus possible to distinguish among six categories of poorly defined problems resorting to almost formal properties of their application.   A research activity the results of which would show that these categories incite heuristically different behavior on the part of individuals and groups still has to be accomplished.   A relevant taxonomy establishes first some ordering, i.e. introduces some logic in the pertinent knowledge field.   For this purpose the taxonomy distributes the phenomena or the entities considered according to their relevant characteristics, with no ambiguity involved.   It appears that, in general, each taxonomy displays at least two different utility values: First of all, the taxonomy presents a reference value that provides a framework for a certain subset of the universe.   The information already available about the elements of this subset thus cease to be fragmented and simply accumulated: in the continuation they are ordered with respect to one another.   They can be integrated and complemented.   Fragmented knowledge thus becomes systematic. This knowledge also represents an â€Å"operational† or heuristic value of the taxonomy in point. This value becomes apparent when the taxonomy leads to empirical research in order to validate its structure, its principle and its extent, or to uncover which variables of the taxonomy can be expected and unified.   In the case of problem solution and creativity research, one can try to establish some correspondence between certain types of tasks with certain behavioral phenomena, particularly those of psycholinguistic nature.   The first problem differentiation might take into consideration the different objective properties of problems: The problem is algorithmic: it can be resolved using an ordered sequence of specific operations.   It allows, in this sense, a truly coordinated division of labor, and is particularly suitable for groups with the centralized communication structure.   The problem is inferential: it can be visualized by means of trees, but the process of generalization of the trees cannot be decomposed into concatenated elementary operations.   A homogeneous structure is, however, more appropriate.   It can be seen that groups facing a specific situation adopt spontaneously the optimum organization to respond to this situation. Most authors, however, have resorted to local dichotomies based on a multitude of imprecise criteria.   The straightforward problem typologies are the following: Verbal and non-verbal tasks.   Verbal tasks are supposed to mobilize important cultural experience and imply the use of specific functions or hypothetic factors.   Non-verbal tasks are symbolic, or in other ways dependent on non-verbal perceptions. Intellectual and manipulation-dependent tasks.   In intellectual tasks, the principal operator is the brain.   Manipulation-dependent problems require a coordination of the brain and muscular factors.   Unique-solution and multiple-solutions tasks.   Then there are problems having a unique solution and problems having multiple solutions.   The totality of distinctions pertinent to a particular solution domain cannot be generalized, because their underlying criteria are too coarse and do not allow more than just a very summary control of the situation.   Shaws dimensional analysis In an attempt to present various aspects of group tasks in a systematic manner, Shaw (1963) collected a very eclectic set of 104 statements mostly taken from experimental literature.   The statements relate to both ill-defined and well-defined problems, to verbally and non-verbally formulated tasks, etc.   These various statements were evaluated according to six a priori defined dimensions, which can be visualized as continuously varying intervals in which each task occupies a point.   The six dimensions are characterized in the following manner: Requirements of cooperation.   This dimension permits to define the degree to which it is required that members of the group act in a coordinated manner to complete the task successfully.   It is thus a measure of dependence between the goal and the coordinated activity of the subjects.   Verifiability of the decision.   It is the degree to which the â€Å"rightness† or adequacy of the solution can be proved, either by reference to an authority, or by logical procedures (usually a mathematical proof), or by feedback (for instance by examining the consequences of the decision taken). Difficulty.   This is defined by Shaw abstractly as the quantity of effort necessary for executing the task.   Specifically, an indicator of difficulty can be the time required for solution, the number of errors made, etc. Clarity of purpose.   This denotes the degree of precision with which the requirements of the task are presented to members of the group, and how the members perceive the requirements. Multiplicity of approaches to the goal.   This dimension expresses the more or less great possibility to resolve the problem by various procedures.   It is thus a matter of possible paths to the solution, i.e. of the number of alternative solutions. Relationship between mental and motor requirements.   A task that only requires the implementation of intellectual activities will be among the strongest on this dimension.   Conversely, tasks requiring only motor abilities will be among the weakest.   A task requiring both intellectual and motor activities occupies an intermediate position between the two extremes. Intrinsic interest.   Problems are not equally attractive, i.e. they do not mobilize the same motivation.   This dimension is thus assigned the degree to which a particular task appears interesting to the subjects. Operational requirements.   This dimension was introduced to evaluate the number of different kinds of operations, knowledge or abilities required for the completion of the task. Familiarity within the population.   Individuals might have had a previous experience of the task in point, either direct or by means of an analogous task.   This dimension thus evaluates the relative â€Å"rareness† of a class of problems to a population. Multiplicity of solutions.   It is the number of different correct solutions for the problem in point.   That number can in general be evaluated exactly in a well-defined problem, but not if the estimate is very intuitive. This family of dimensions is intended to cover the maximum of traits occurring in every heuristic situation.   Certain dimensions thus relate to formal properties of the task, for instance numbers 2, 5, or 10, while others, e.g. numbers 7 and 9 refer direct to the consequences of applying a particular semantics (second level of determination).   Forty-nine referees, mostly graduate students of psychology, got the task of distributing the 104 sample tasks according to the 10 dimensions shown above.   Eight positions or degrees ordered by their magnitude were defined.   The judgments were consistent, except for the dimension â€Å"clarity of purpose†. With these data, Shaw got two factor analyses that resulted in disclosing five significant factors for task analysis: Difficulty, (factor I), the quantity of required effort displays a close relationship to the number of operations, knowledge, and required abilities for solving the problem.   The forth dimension, the â€Å"clarity of purpose† is equally an important aspect of difficulty: the less clear the goal is, the more difficult is the task judged to be.   Multiplicity of solutions (factor II) is a complex dimension that relates both to the number of acceptable solutions, to the diversity of paths leading to the solutions, and to the verifiability of a solution.   Shaw thinks that the essential aspect is the number of solutions, while the other two merely are its consequences.   While there are several solutions available, there also are several ways how to reach them. Proving the adequacy of each solution rigorously is hardly possible. Cooperation requirements (factor III) correspond exactly to the dimension of the same name.   The degree of completing a task successfully implies a coordinated action on the part of group members. The relationship between intellectual requirements motor requirements (factor IV) constitutes no doubt an independent dimension.   But it only shows a very weak correlation with the familiarity with the task within the population.   Familiarity in the population is considered a separate dimension for the same reason.   Nevertheless, it is necessary to point out that the familiarity seems relatively irrelevant, at least under the particular conditions of this work, where the majority of the tasks were somehow familiar to the subjects. Intrinsic interest (factor V), which corresponds to the intensity of motivation and the attraction exerted by the problem on the group members, too, is a dimension permeated with factor II. The first three of the six dimensions obtained finally seem to be both the most important and the least ambiguous ones.   It is of course possible, as Shaw himself notes, that there are other dimensions, equally important, which continued research could bring forth.   This first attempt will make it possible largely to control the principal components of the situation that comes into being as a problem to be solved is given to the subjects.   This is the only condition under which accumulation of experimental data in this field can be transformed into scientific knowledge. Categorization by Roby and Lanzetta Roby and Lanzetta (1958) proposed a model intended to define and highlight the most important characteristics of a group task.   For this purpose, they distinguish four sets of events occurring in the functioning of any group task system: a. A set Tiof task input data.   Here belong, for instance, the formulation of the problem to be solved and of the material it implies. b. A correlative set Giof initial activities of the group.   These comprise, among others, waiting times, observation, data recording, communication associated with input variables, etc. c. A set Goof outputs produced by the group.   In the creative process these comprise the traces of the heuristic process and solution suggestions. d. A set Toof environmental changes following from the groups activities. Roby and Lanzetta define three general types of properties: Descriptive aspects, including the qualitative nature of various events, their number, and metric properties. Distribution of the events in the space or by relation to other events. Functional aspects of events, i.e. their temporal occurrence as a function of foregoing events (sequential analysis). Each set of events, Ti, Gi, Go and To, can be studied and related to according to these three types of properties.   In theory at least, it is possible to characterize any group task, and in particular any creative situation, using a double-entry table for 12 cases. This is the formal equipment of the descriptive system of group tasks proposed by Roby and Lanzetta.   In an abstract analysis, however, this representation does not make the understanding of a truly psychological meaning of a specific task possible.   This remark led the authors to propose a complementary notion of â€Å"critical exigencies†.   This concept was introduced to cover the fact that each task requires certain behavior on the part of the group to be correctly executed, and calls for certain specific types of activities to be carried out.   The implementation of these requirements should thus help to reduce the discontinuity mentioned between the structural properties of the task and the psychological or psychosocial phenomena generated by its handling.   It is a different manner of contrasting the general and the particular.   In a way, this is what was above called the â€Å"second level of determination†. Roby and Lanzettas intention was not to put forward a theory permitting to characterize the problems rigorously, but rather to present a table for the analysis of systems of group tasks.   Their framework thus permits theoretically to classify any task parting from the values relevant to the task in the 12 boxes of the analysis table, but it does not make it possible to classify the types of tasks using a specific corpus of formal properties.   Thus, Roby and Lanzetta did not forge a typological tool, but, rather, a descriptive tool the general purpose of which is found precisely in the fact that the tool is deemed able to adapt itself to any task.   The goal of their work was not to distribute the generalized variable â€Å"task structure† on an arbitrary scale, but rather to find a set of invariant characteristics that would make it possible to situate the various problems that appear in the life of a working group.   Creative problems constitute in this context evid ently merely a special case.   It follows that the effort to determine the â€Å"invariants† of the analysis is probably of utmost importance and should complement any typological effort. Finally, an adequate taxonomy of poorly defined problems must comprise a meta-linguistic analysis of their formulation in the natural language: it must be possible to establish a rigorous correspondence between a formal type and the multitude of its verbal expressions or concretizations and, in parallel, part from a specific semantics to reach a logical class it illustrates.   Roqutte (1975) sketches the first attempt in this respect. Psychologists studying the ways people solve problem have adopted a reasonable strategy.   They study how people handle seemingly well-defined problems, and then apply theprocedure to the study of ill-defined tasks.   In some instances shortcuts to solving an ill-defined problem are possible: seek a well-defined version of the same problem and try to solve it, or find a new definition of the problem.   Defininition or interpretation of the problem is as important in tackling well-defined tasks as it is in working with ill-defined tasks.   Adversary and non-adversary problems This is another distinction between problems.   An adversary problem is one in which the problem solver is competing with a thinking opponent, or a seemingly thinking opponent, like a chess-playing computer.   In non-adversary problems the battle goes between a thinking problem solver and inert problem features.   The latter may be symbolic or real, but they do not react to what the problem solver does, in order to â€Å"defeat† him, and they do not care about what the human problem solver feels.   Semantically rich and semantically impoverished problems This distinction seems to be increasing in importance.   It was elaborated by Chi and his coworkers (1982).   A problem is semantically rich for the problem solver who brings a significant relevant knowledge to the problem.   The opposite is true of semantically impoverished problems.   As an example, consider a problem given to two problem solvers.   For the domain expert it is a semantically rich problem, for the novice it is a semantically impoverished problem.   This distinction thus expresses the problem-solvers view of the problem situation, or Shaws familiarity within the population. Most puzzles, IQ-tests, and the like, are semantically impoverished for most subjects.   Much of psychological research has been focused on solving semantically impoverished puzzles of the non-adversary type.   The semantically rich non-adversary tasks are increasing in importance.   This category comprises most tasks in computer programming and in physics.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Values for Social Workers

Values for Social Workers My own personal values were passed by my family, peers and people that I admire. One of the most important value for me is love and respect. By love I mean love to another human being, not only as a feeling but also as self-respect and people around me. I understand love as a friendship, need to being needed and loved and have someone close to me. Receiving and giving love to life-partner, family or friends is very important for me. By feeling love from people that are part of my life I feel secure, worth and I build my self-esteem. It motivates me to work and gives me strenght to fight with adversities.By giving love to another people I show my own commitment and respect to them. I give them a friend, person to support them in hard times. My personal value is also to respect every individual, especially elderly people. I think everyone need to love and be loved. Another important value for me is personal fulfillment. It is very important for me to fulfill my dreams and plans and I do everytthing to do it. I am a perfectionist and Im trying to get everything done at my best, and I am trying to accomplish everything that I set to myself. One of my dreams is to become a social worker and I am realising this by doing this course. It is very important for me to fulfill myself and achieve the goals which I set. It gives me happiness, build my self-esteem and gives me sense of control over your life. Next value that plays role in my life is health. I respect my body and I feel happy that I was born fully heatlhy and efficient. In my life I am trying to keep my body as healthy as possible. Balanced diet such as a lot of fruits and vegetables and less sugars, exercise, fresh air help me to reduce risk of having illnesses. Also work/live and study and safe environment promotes my health. I am trying to not expose my own and others health on risk. I belief that we have one life and we should exploit it as much as we can and by respecting our life we respect also other peoples life. My own values have also relationship in social care practice. Social Care sector is regulated by agencies such as Scottish Commission for the Regulation of Care. This reguratory body promotes National Care Standards which are: -dignity -privacy -choice -safety -realising potential -equality and diversity Some of those standards are very similar to my own personal values such as safety. This standard cares for service users health and safety. My own health value is very similar to this standard. Their common aims are to create environment free of harm and abuse and to reduce risk of health danger. It also has relationship with Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 which is about ensuring the environment is safe and free from hazards. This law basically rules that employers must ensure as is reasonably practicable the health, safety and welfare of not only their employees but sub contractors and the general public too. REFERENCJA Realising potential is also very similar to my personal fulfillment value. This standard gives service users opportunity to archive their goals and make the most of their life. My value is to archive all my plans and goals and also to do everything the best as I can. It also has relationship to Regulation of Care Act (Scotland) Act 2001. Under this act Scottish Social Services Council regulates the education and training of social service workers and raise standards through the publication of codes of conduct and practice. Social Care practice is based on respect every individual and treating people equally. Every employee must take this into their practice. My love value is related to all aspects of care practice. It states that we should respect and love every human being and have a right to love and be loved. Social Care practice promotes respect for every individual by National Care Standards Choice and Privacy. Care workers respect service users privacy under Data Protection Act 1998 which protects clients confidential information such as care plan. Choice from National Care Standards promotes respect of service users by allowing them live as much independent as possible. Care workers also respects all choice made by individuals and take them into account before making any actions. Anti-Discriminatory Practice is well known term in all sectors of social work. Term Anti-discriminatory Practice mean practice without discrimination and respecting individuals worth and dignity. Practice without discrimination is known as practice free of judgement and prejudice of service users as well as service providers. It is a practice where people are treated equally without any fear of any harm or abuse because of their ethnic background, sexual orientation, religion or age; where people respecting each other worth and dignity and no discriminating them against their views, beliefs, appearance or behaviour. It is a practice where everyone is accepted as they are and treated equally. It focuses on respecting individuals and works againts stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice.ADP is important for providing effective care practice for employers and employees as well as service users. It promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in workplace and changing attitudes towards staff and service users. It promotes it by value service users for their ethnic background, language, culture and faith, let clients live independently, being able to complain effectively without fear of victimisation. Discrimination Discrimination is behavioural component of bias by treating people differently and unfairly or less well than others because they belong to certain groups. Discrimination is often due to jealousness, religion, race, unequal pay, pregnancy, sexual orientation or gender. It is form of social exclusion. This unequal treatment of legally unjustified objective reasons. Any such action constitutes a breach of the principle of equal treatment and basic human rights. Discrimination has two types: Direct discrimination It is based on treating people differently because of someones personal circumstances compared to ourselves or another person in the same situation. For example unequal pay for women and men for the same type of job. Indirect discrimination It occurs when actions taken are neutral to public opinion but discrimination may affect some of them. For example discrimination against disabled people or same gender couples. Values that underpin Anti Disctiminatory Practice include: Equality Equality is a value that is very important in ADP. Treating people equally means that everyone is not the same and should be treated as an individual. Everyone is equal regardless of gender, age, religion or sexual orientation. Anti Discriminatory Practice promotes equality by providing range of services for all possible service users. Disability Discrimination Act 2005 promotes equality for people with disability. It focus on services, goods and employement. Under this act all employers and must reasonable adjustments and make workplace suitable for all employees such as lifts and toilets. Tolerance Tolerance is another important value that underpins Anti Disctiminatory Practice. Tolerance is an open, objective and respects the approach to other human traits, which are different from their own.Tolerance is the opposite of discrimination.Tolerance means that even if we dont have the same views or personal beliefs as someone else, we still respect it. Equality Act 2010 promotes tolerance as their aims are: -banning age discrimination outside the workplace -protecting carers from discrimination -clarifying the protection for breastfeeding mothers -banning discrimination in private and public sectors Protection Protection is also one of the important values in Anti Disctiminatory Practice. Human protection from any forms of harm or abuse is one of the main aims of ADP. Protection means taking actions against disctimination, prejudice or stereotyping and providing environment free from those. Human Rights Act 1998 promotes protection of human rights such as: Respect for privacy and family life and the right to marry. The prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment Protection against slavery and forced labour

Cathedral by Raymond Carver Essay -- Papers Cathedral Raymond Carver E

Cathedral by Raymond Carver In Raymond Carver?s ?Cathedral?, the conventional ideas often associated with blindness and sight are challenged. By juxtaposing his two male characters, Carver is able to effectively explore sight and its seemingly simplistic relationship with learning and knowledge. As well, he addresses the barriers imposed by the human tendency to rely on vision as the sole means of experiencing the world. At the beginning of the story, the narrator?s perception on blind people as individuals who ?moved slowly and never laughed? reflect not only his but also the views generally shared by society (720). The uneasiness experienced by the narrator at the prospect of ?[a] blind man in [his] house? is a representation of the prejudices and fears that we often face when exposed and forced to deal with strange and foreign things (720). Blindness seems especially abnormal to us because vision plays such a heavy role in our everyday ?normal? lives; not seeing equates to not being able to truly understand and experience the beauties of life. Just knowing that the blind man had a wife who he ?lived, worked, slept [with]?had sex?and then bur[ied]. All without having ever seen what the goddamned woman looked like? baffles the narrator (722). ?It [is] beyond [his] understanding? how anyone can exist in such an incomplete existence and thus is much deserved of his pity (722). As the story prog resses the narrator finally meets the blind man who is introduced to him as Robert?before this, the speaker merely refers to Robert as ?the blind man?. The establishment of ?Robert? who ?didn?t use a cane and didn?t ware dark glasses? surprised him?going against the conventions that he had always believed; seeing this b... ..., only through his forced interaction with Robert and his blindness is he able to close his eye and open up his mind. This awakening reveals to him a form of communication, experience and expression that cannot just be seen. In the end it is ironic that even though the narrator was attempting to teach Robert something it was the he who seemed to gain the most from the experience. The blind man and their drawing of the Cathedral are able to defy his previous conceptions of life and thus open a vast array of new possibilities. We are left wondering how much more the narrator learned about himself and about human communication than the blind man has learnt about cathedrals. Bibliography: Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. The Norton Introduction To Literature. Jerome Beaty and J. Paul Hunter. Seventh Edition. New York: WW Norton 1998.

British National Identity Through the Lens of British Media Essay

Within a few minutes after the ambulance had pulled up to the scene, the paparazzi photographers descended and began to shoot pictures for so-called exclusives to be published in the following day's edition of their respective tabloids. One way or another, other journalists and their cameramen found their ways to the tunnel underpass in Paris on August 31, 1997, and the UK as well as the rest of the world received the breaking news that Diana, Princess of Wales, had died that night in a car crash. What was astonishing was not the rapidity of the news- that is, after all, the beauty of modern broadcasting technology- but the effect that the news had on the public. In the following weeks and months, story after story demonstrated the extent of the late Princess' popularity as the pictures and video clips showed the gates in front of Buckingham Palace disappearing under the oceans of flowers and memorials devoted to Princess Diana. While some Britons were skeptical of such an outpouring of grief, the majority of Britons shared their collective mourning as well as anger when it was reported that the flag had not been lowered to half-mast at Diana's funeral as the Queen was not in residence at Buckingham Palace at the time. Thanks to the news media, people all over Britain could keep abreast of all these small details regarding the news event of the late Diana and share their feelings together, creating a sense of national identity in the wake of a tragedy. But what exactly is national identity? The British don't seem to know anymore than anyone else does; they are currently wondering where they fit into the grand picture of a global community. As Roberto Foa from Europa Magazine puts it, "On the one hand, she [Britain] has her... ...umption that others share the same associations with elements particular to British culture (ranging from Coldplay to pubs to the Queen). The identities that join nationalism are fluid and changing; they are determined by the stories that are remembered (Princess Diana's death) and others which are forgotten (the Falklands War, perhaps). What is important to realize is the longstanding role that the media- and television in particular, as a visual and audio medium- have in contributing to this sense of national identity because they are the storytellers of our times. As Joel Montague describes nationality, it "is not so much the result of the existence of such cultural elements as it is dependent upon the existence of sufficient communication between members of the community." (Montague, 44) How else to describe media but as communication between members in a society?

9/11 :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout history there have occurred many tragic events. On Sept. 11, 2001 and Aug. 29, 2005, two unforgettable event have occur, where is will be remember throughout the ages of the United States history. In this essay I ¡Ã‚ ¯ll be discussing the impact to the life ¡Ã‚ ¯s and the economic changes in the U.S.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the tragic day of 9/11 a day that will be unforgettable, happen in the pages of American history, the unthinkable happen. The terror stuck the heart of the big apple, New York City, two planes crashed into the world trade center and total chaos occurred, and lives have been lost, and many injured. The terror didn ¡Ã‚ ¯t end there, other plane hit out nations capital Washington DC, The Pentagon. Thousands of lives were lost in a single morning, people scatter for help and to be saved, and some die from trying to save them. The aftermath of this tragic event occurred have help brought us Americans close together and to support each other in times of greater needs regardless of all the events that occurred.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Aug. 29, 2005, a great nature disaster occurred in the city of New Orleans, hurricane Katrina. Flooding and drowning hundreds of people, and destroying billions of dollars building and house and etc ¡Ã‚ ­, these tragic events have cause millions to be homeless and many deaths. In these times of need people fight to survive and to get back what they have lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These two events have affected everyone through out the world, many people struggling to live and to move on in life, some just can ¡Ã‚ ¯t let it go, both tragic incidents cause a lot of great pain and lost, an affected the US greatly. The American economic has greatly increase in price of everything, from the food we buy and to the gas use need for our cars, has sky rocketed, because of these tragic event which help rebuild and recover what was lost from these events.

Belonging in The Simple Gift and Arthur Essay

Every person needs a sense of belonging. Belonging is defined as acceptance as a natural member or part. Scientific research has found that man’s need to belong is a pre-coded instinct found in the primitive brain or amygdale. Without a sense of belonging a person’s well being can be seriously affected. In the book The Simple Gift by Steven Herrick, the main theme is belonging as it follows a boy’s journey to find a place where he feels he belongs. In the book Arthur by Amanda Graham, the author shows the feelings displayed by someone when they don’t belong and then their feelings when they do belong. E.T. is a movie directed by Steven Spielberg which also has the main theme of belonging. The two main protagonists, Elliot and E.T., don’t feel a sense of belonging with anyone until they meet each other. The Simple Gift shows how much people need to belong. Billy is only 15 when he runs away from home. He finds a place to stay temporarily in Bendarat, but it isn’t long until he realises that Bendarat is a town where he feels he belongs. Billy uses descriptive language to show that he feels he belongs in Bendarat. He says â€Å"Bendarat is the perfect town. A friendly librarian, a warm McDonald’s, luxury train accommodation, and the town is surrounded by apple and pear orchids. The real strength of the feeling of belonging is shown through the character Caitlin. Caitlin has got everything from her wealthy parents that she has ever asked for. It is only until she meets Billy that she realises that there has been something missing from her life, something that money can’t buy. Caitlin describes this feeling after she reads a note Billy had left her, and she says, â€Å"I read this and felt something in my stomach, a slight ache, a twinge, and I knew it was hunger but not a hunger for food. And I blushed with the knowledge.† She finds her own sense of belonging with Billy, which makes her happier than she has ever been. Billy and Caitlin are brought together by their wishes to belong. Although they are opposites in society, this difference means nothing to them. Arthur is a picture book written by Amanda Graham. In this book Arthur is a dog in a pet store. Arthur desperately wants to belong to a family and not to be stuck in the pet store. He sees many other animals be sold to families, but he just doesn’t get sold. He impersonates the other animals that are being sold as he thinks that this could give him more of a chance of belonging. Arthur is finally bought by a family and he finds himself happier than he has ever been before. Arthur shows how much everyone needs to belong, and how much you would try to belong if you were lonely. He also shows the benefits of belonging through his new found happiness. Arthur is similar to Billy in The Simple Gift as they are both willing to do almost anything to belong and when they do belong they both find themselves happier than they have ever been. E.T. shows how many differences can be overcome in order to belong. E.T. is an alien that is left behind after travelling to Earth with his friends. He is lonely and scared, and has no idea how he will get home. E.T. meets Elliot and both E.T. and Elliot immediately form a friendship greater than either had felt before. E.T. feels that he doesn’t belong on Earth, but Elliot does everything he can to make E.T. feel like he does belong. E.T is very similar to Billy in the Simple Gift as he is in a place where he knows nobody, has no home and wishes to belong. Both Billy and E.T. are lonely until they meet someone they both form a strong connection with. Billy finds Caitlin and with Caitlin he feels he belongs. E.T. finds Elliot and he feels he belongs. In all of these texts, the main characters have been found someone they belong with and a place where they belong. In every case the feeling of belonging has made them happier and made their lives feel more purposeful.

A treatise On Ulcers

Peptic ulcers (gastric and duodenal) are defects in the gastrointestinal mucosa that extend through the muscularis mucosa. Ulcer results when the balance between the aggressive forces (Helicobacter pylori, acid, pepsin, bile, drugs) and the mucosa defense: (microcirculation, Prostaglandins, apical cell restitution, hydrophobicity, HCO3, genetic) is disrupted. In the USA, the lifetime prevalence is 10% and for men it is 12% and 9% for women.The one point prevalence for new PUD is 2% and duodenal ulcer occurs five times more than gastric ulcer. To differentiate gastric from duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer is uncommon before 40 years, the pain is often increased by eating food and relieved by fasting. The acid secretion is normal, there is possibility of weight loss and hematemesis i.e. blood in the vomitus may occur.In the case of duodenal ulcer, most occur between 25 and 75 years of age and pain is usually temporarily relieved by food intake and antacids, the pain is often nocturnal and there is acid hyper secretion, there is no associated weight loss and blood may be present in the stool.Other factors implicated as theory of the aetiologic of ulcer include smoking, Calcium, Alcohol, Caffeine, Red pepper. The genetic theory implicates familial cluster ring. Other possible etiologies are Blood group O, AB (H) antigen, pepsinogen, HLA B5, Rheumatoid arthritis,COPD, Liver cirrhosis, CRF, renal transplantation, Herpes simplex, CMV, Hyperparathyroidism, Mastocytosis.Sex hormones and psychological factors may also play some minor role.Clinical presentation of PUD may be 1) asymptomatic or 2) Symptoms may vary.   A high index of suspicion is therefore needed .It is more likely if: there is   Ã‚   Pain,  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anemia, heavy smoking,  Ã‚   Use of NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.The cardinal symptoms are nocturnal pain, as well as epigastric pain relieved by food and vomiting. And the signs include -The pointing sign in 70% -commonest, epigastric te nderness or discomfort only. Signs of outlet obstruction can also be elicited and also signs of other complications.Treatment includes the use of Proton pump inhibitors include lansoprazole and omeprazole. They are remarkably safe drugs which have so far been used only to treat ulcers and other conditions where there is excess gastric acidityIn conclusion, one should therefore visit his or her doctor ones there is abdominal pain and the person has recurrent and refractory symptoms, the patient is more than 40 years old or has a family history of ulcer or the risk factors mentioned above are present in alarming proportions.ReferencesElsevier (2009, April 24). Commonly Used Ulcer Drugs May Offer Treatment Potential In Alzheimer's Disease. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ­ /releases/2009/04/090422103556.htUppsala University (2008, May 9). Nitrates In Vegetables Protect Against Gastric Ulcers, Study Shows. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com ­ /releases/2008/05/080507105601.ht

Is Hunting Ethical

The difference between hunting and killing â€Å"It is 4:00 in the morning as a father and son prepare for a day of elk hunting, Whenever October comes around this father and son know that it is an important month because it is hunting season and they have a chance to provide meat for their family. The day brings success to the hunters as they harvest a male elk and take it back home to share not only the meat but also the memories that were provided by the hunt. Many people in this world have opinions about hunting saying it is â€Å"unethical† or that it is a cruel form of killing for fun. Hunting is portrayed as an activity that allows humans the right to go out into the wild and harvest an animal or animals just as our ancestors did many years ago, that is a good picture of it but there are many reasons why people hunt other than to get meat shoot a gun or hang out with friends in the outdoors Benefits of hunting Hunting isn’t what most people think, it doesnâ€⠄¢t just help the hunters who are getting meat but it helps the population of animals as well.In Colorado alone there are an estimated two thousand elk and 1500 deer taken a year, this seems cruel but hear me out. If a herd of elk gets to big then there will be scarce amounts of food because there many mouths to feed but only so many acres of edible grass and plants to feed them. This problem causes fights and the weaker elk get run out of the herd because of over population, these elk that are disowned by the herd usually die off from starvation or predators. Matt Forsyth a local area hunter says â€Å"my family and I can live for a year on one animal harvested from our hunting trips†.That means that one animal out of the thousands in Colorado can support a family and save an estimated 400 dollars that is usually spent on beef pork and chicken bought from the store. My family relies on meat from my father and I every year, if we are not successful it is a devastating blow on our bank accounts. STATISTICS ABOUT HUNTING 12. 5 million people 16 years old and older enjoyed hunting a variety of animals within the United States. They hunted 220 million days and took 185 million trips. Hunting expenditures totaled $22. 9 billion. An estimated 10. million hunters pursued big game, such as deer and elk, on 164 million days. There were 4. 8 million hunters of small game including squirrels and rabbits. They hunted small game on 52 million days and spent $2. 4 billion on small game hunting trips and equipment. 2. 3 million hunted migratory birds such as doves or waterfowl 1. 1 million hunted other animals such as woodchucks and raccoons. As the above figures state hunting is a very much enjoyed sport that Colorado residents take a very great passion in and I believe it always will be. DISADVANTAGES ABOUT HUNTINGMany animals die yearly from accidental death from hunters, accidental death occurs when a hunter mistakes and shoots an animal or the target species he w as pursuing. I have seen many accidental deaths as a hunter and it is very sad because I hate to take a life from an animal that did not deserve it, I am not saying all animals deserve to die but if I cannot benefit from the death of an animal then why does it deserve to die? Poaching is also a huge problem in America. I do not like this one part of hunting and I wish it could be eliminated, poaching is when a human illegally harvests an animal without a license.Over 1500 animals are poached each year and many of those animals had their lives taken only for their horns or ivory teeth and tusks. Many people will say that hunting is not right because the animals are helpless and innocent, I say otherwise. At the beginning of time hunting was a major part of life and was a necessity, being the only means of survival. It was a source of food, clothing, and sometimes tools. Hunted animals were know as game animals. The earliest tools used to hunt were bow and arrow and spears, where now in the present we hunt with more powerful weapons like the compound bow and rifle.Having these newer and updated tools man can now hunt with out having to work as hard at killing their prey. Just because it is easier to hunt with the new and improved rifles and bows does not mean that it is easy. I give a lot of credit to the Native Americans because they had it worse than us, they had to run and chase their animals till it was down where as now days you can use an all terrain vehicle or a truck to get deep in the forest. I feel like people do not look past the blood of hunting because it is such a gory part of the process and they feel justified to say that hunters are messed up in the ead because would we want to be shot and bleed to death, I wouldn’t but still hunting has evolved from the early ages so humans were just taught that hunting was a way of living. I have been hunting since I was nine and I will admit that there were some parts of the sport that I wish I didnâ⠂¬â„¢t see. I hate to see an animal suffer and I have seen my fair share of that, but my plan was not to kill for the thrill or pride of taking down an animal. I did it because it was the meat that my family ate for a whole year and without it we would pay more than five hundred dollars for meat in 6 months because of my large family size.There is always a downside to everything and as much as I love hunting I have to say that there is parts that I do not like. â€Å"What we see is the aftermath of people going out and killing trophy animals and removing those trophy parts, which would be the antlers or the horns and leaving the carcasses to rot,† â€Å"It is so disrespectful to the wildlife and gives hunting a bad name. † (Sarason) Antlers are valuable. They can earn poachers hundreds to tens of thousands of dollars per mount. (Forsyth) â€Å"Some people do it purely as a business. They've detached from their activity.It's just pure dollars and cents. They don't see wildlife as anything other than something you can buy and make a buck,† (Sarason) â€Å"it is 4:00 in the morning as a man and his hunting guide sit in a cozy cabin drinking coffee and going over the game plan for the day, this man has paid his guide an estimated 3,000 dollars for this hunt. The day starts off in the truck as they drive to a hillside to see if spotting a herd will bring them luck, sure enough out of the tree’s comes a beautiful male elk with an astoundingly big set of antlers.This is where the 3,000 dollars comes in because this man is on a guided elk hunt that has been set up on a high fenced ranch (the animals have no way to escape or be free), the elk are given special grass and food to grow big antlers. The man shoots the elk takes pictures and leaves the meat with the guides who will charge him an additional 500 bucks to get it cut and delivered to his house† People from around the world come to have supposedly the hunt of a lifetime and par take in an event that our ancestors have done but it is far from what actually happens.Many guided hunts are just slaughter of animals because they have no place to be free and live a life, they shoot the animals and the guide hauls it cuts it and prepares it and all you have to do is pay 3,500 dollars for it which is a deal right? Real hunting is when you pay 300 dollars a year to chase fair game through beautiful mountains and enjoy cutting the meat hauling it and doing all of the stuff that makes hunting what it truly is today.HOW ARE ORGANIZATIONS GETTING INVOLVED Many people have a jaded opinion about hunting because they see tv shows about it and the people always shoot the big animals and it all looks so easy but in reality it is not all that easy, real hunting requires patience love and respect for not only the pastime of it but the animals as well. No person will ever be right about wether it is ethical or if it isn’t but everybody can have a say in what they think i s right or what they believe in. unting is such a controversial subject to many people because just like anything, if you don’t know anything about it you are either really interested or very skeptical and I have found that many people are skeptical. Because of all the modern PETA campaigns many people are upset about hunters going out and harvesting an animal because it is an â€Å"innocent† animal that has been killed for pleasure or thrill. But hunting is an art form and a blessed opportunity for humans to provide their family with meat as well as learn more about the outdoors and life.Many campaigns have been run to stop hunting in many states. These campaigns are put together by PETA a non-profit organization that try’s to outlaw the abuse and neglect of animals, also called animal cruelty. Organizations like PETA are against hunting because they are under the impression that hunting is a cruel form of killing helpless innocent animals which is true somewha t. What they do not understand is that while many animals die every year but true hunters will never kill for the fun of shooting a gun or killing.With a lot of the gun laws that the president is trying to pass maybe all of these animal cruelty organizations wont have to keep fighting hunters because if such laws pass then many Americans will not be able to hunt anymore. Rumor has it that PETA is trying to get all gun laws passed just because of the way that it could help save many animals every year. Hunting is a very controversial subject because it is so important to some people and many families rely on an animal to be harvested every year. Good hunting ethics are not usually covered by written laws. Ethics are a personal code which dictates how we act.It is conduct that is morally right, safe, proper and fair. According to Aldo Leopold, regarded as the â€Å"father† of wildlife management, â€Å"ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching- eve n when doing the wrong thing is legal. † T. D. Carroll, the Father of Texas Hunter Education, once said: â€Å"There are written and unwritten laws. The written laws tell us what we can and cannot do while the unwritten laws tell us what we should and should not do. † HOW WOULD ANIMALS BE AFFECTED IF WE DID NOT HUNT If we didn't hunt animals they would die of starvation and disease.That is why we have regulations on hunting. And that is why bag limits and seasons change yearly. Take for instance the Snow Goose, It is so overpopulated right now that it takes food from animals and fish that are low in population thus the overpopulation of this bird could cause other animals to go extinct. It would not be the hunters causing the extinction. This year there was a conservation order in effect issued by the Colorado Fish and Wildlife Department to hunt as many as you can-no bag limit which seems like a killing frenzy for all of the geese but given the options it really helps all animals.Another instance is with exotic species (species that don't naturally occur in a particular area). For instance here in Colorado, the Mountain Lion does not belong here but It flourishes and if it keeps its pace then it could totally wipe out the population of native species of animals. Thus, the state says you can hunt and kill the Mountain Lion whenever you want and as many as you want, you just have to tell the state where you shot it. Look at the wild pig. Not natural to the United States and now we have a major problem on our hands. They destroy crops and take the food of our natural species.If deer hunting became illegal we would have so many deer in this country no one would be able to drive down the highway without fear of hitting one at 70mph possibly killing the passengers of the vehicle. Or there would be so many deer the food would eventually run out for them causing them to starve to death. Many in Colorado are interested in living a healthy lifestyle, which often includes consuming organically-grown food. â€Å"Locally grown† is becoming an increasingly popular way to enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables and backyard gardens are seeing a resurgence.One of the driving forces for the â€Å"going organic† movement is related to concerns about chemicals and pesticides associated with mass production of our food. Meat from hunting does not go through the chemical-related processes of grocery-store domestic meats. Hunting and eating wild game provides a lean, â€Å"free-range† protein product similar to that of organic food stores. Moreover, for those who hunt, fresh meat procured through hunting offers a â€Å"do-it-yourself† pride and satisfaction similar to that of growing your own garden. Hunting provides healthier food for the hunter and his/her family.I have nothing against farmers, I support them 100%, but there's more protein in the meat of a wild animal than there is a cow, pig, etc. So, more protein means a healthier cut of meat. It only takes one male to reproduce so anybody that says population control isn't a â€Å"valid† reason to hunt isn’t well equipped with the facts of hunting. Since it only takes one male animal, then there's no reason to have older animals that are not healthy reproduce because that would be passing along weaker genes, and that will make that generation of animals weaker.A lot of people say that hunters only shoot the males animals but that shows just how un-educated they are on this subject. I know many people who will kill a female over a male any day. There's no benefit to just harvesting males and not the females. Each sex needs a specific number harvested to keep the population healthy. Back to the example I used about an older male animal breeding. Same thing goes with female animals. The older they get, the weaker their offspring will be. The less milk they'll produce. The older the animal (males and females), the weaker the state of the ir body/health.Inbreeding DOES happen where animal populations have exploded. You need a good mix of male and females of different ‘lines' so that you will get healthy offspring. Not only for that aspect of population control- if there are too many animals in a given area no matter if they are mostly males or mostly females, the animals will deplete the area of resources- food, water, cover. So, not only will the animals be at a higher risk for diseases/illnesses like rabies or CWD in deer, the land will be greatly affected by it too.The difference between hunting and killing â€Å"It is 4:00 in the morning as a father and son prepare for a day of elk hunting, Whenever October comes around this father and son know that it is an important month because it is hunting season and they have a chance to provide meat for their family. The day brings success to the hunters as they harvest a male elk and take it back home to share not only the meat but also the memories that were prov ided by the hunt. Many people in this world have opinions about hunting saying it is â€Å"unethical† or that it is a cruel form of killing for fun. Hunting is portrayed as an activity that allows humans the right to go out into the wild and harvest an animal or animals just as our ancestors did many years ago, that is a good picture of it but there are many reasons why people hunt other than to get meat shoot a gun or hang out with friends in the outdoors Benefits of hunting Hunting isn’t what most people think, it doesn’t just help the hunters who are getting meat but it helps the population of animals as well.In Colorado alone there are an estimated two thousand elk and 1500 deer taken a year, this seems cruel but hear me out. If a herd of elk gets to big then there will be scarce amounts of food because there many mouths to feed but only so many acres of edible grass and plants to feed them. This problem causes fights and the weaker elk get run out of the he rd because of over population, these elk that are disowned by the herd usually die off from starvation or predators. Matt Forsyth a local area hunter says â€Å"my family and I can live for a year on one animal harvested from our hunting trips†.That means that one animal out of the thousands in Colorado can support a family and save an estimated 400 dollars that is usually spent on beef pork and chicken bought from the store. My family relies on meat from my father and I every year, if we are not successful it is a devastating blow on our bank accounts. STATISTICS ABOUT HUNTING 12. 5 million people 16 years old and older enjoyed hunting a variety of animals within the United States. They hunted 220 million days and took 185 million trips. Hunting expenditures totaled $22. 9 billion.An estimated 10. 7 million hunters pursued big game, such as deer and elk, on 164 million days. There were 4. 8 million hunters of small game including squirrels and rabbits. They hunted small game on 52 million days and spent $2. 4 billion on small game hunting trips and equipment. 2. 3 million hunted migratory birds such as doves or waterfowl 1. 1 million hunted other animals such as woodchucks and raccoons. As the above figures state hunting is a very much enjoyed sport that Colorado residents take a very great passion in and I believe it always will be.DISADVANTAGES ABOUT HUNTING Many animals die yearly from accidental death from hunters, accidental death occurs when a hunter mistakes and shoots an animal or the target species he was pursuing. I have seen many accidental deaths as a hunter and it is very sad because I hate to take a life from an animal that did not deserve it, I am not saying all animals deserve to die but if I cannot benefit from the death of an animal then why does it deserve to die? Poaching is also a huge problem in America.I do not like this one part of hunting and I wish it could be eliminated, poaching is when a human illegally harvests an animal w ithout a license. Over 1500 animals are poached each year and many of those animals had their lives taken only for their horns or ivory teeth and tusks. Many people will say that hunting is not right because the animals are helpless and innocent, I say otherwise. At the beginning of time hunting was a major part of life and was a necessity, being the only means of survival. It was a source of food, clothing, and sometimes tools. Hunted animals were know as game animals.The earliest tools used to hunt were bow and arrow and spears, where now in the present we hunt with more powerful weapons like the compound bow and rifle. Having these newer and updated tools man can now hunt with out having to work as hard at killing their prey. Just because it is easier to hunt with the new and improved rifles and bows does not mean that it is easy. I give a lot of credit to the Native Americans because they had it worse than us, they had to run and chase their animals till it was down where as now days you can use an all terrain vehicle or a truck to get deep in the forest.I feel like people do not look past the blood of hunting because it is such a gory part of the process and they feel justified to say that hunters are messed up in the head because would we want to be shot and bleed to death, I wouldn’t but still hunting has evolved from the early ages so humans were just taught that hunting was a way of living. I have been hunting since I was nine and I will admit that there were some parts of the sport that I wish I didn’t see. I hate to see an animal suffer and I have seen my fair share of that, but my plan was not to kill for the thrill or pride of taking down an animal.I did it because it was the meat that my family ate for a whole year and without it we would pay more than five hundred dollars for meat in 6 months because of my large family size. There is always a downside to everything and as much as I love hunting I have to say that there is parts tha t I do not like. â€Å"What we see is the aftermath of people going out and killing trophy animals and removing those trophy parts, which would be the antlers or the horns and leaving the carcasses to rot,† â€Å"It is so disrespectful to the wildlife and gives hunting a bad name. (Sarason) Antlers are valuable. They can earn poachers hundreds to tens of thousands of dollars per mount. (Forsyth) â€Å"Some people do it purely as a business. They've detached from their activity. It's just pure dollars and cents. They don't see wildlife as anything other than something you can buy and make a buck,† (Sarason) â€Å"it is 4:00 in the morning as a man and his hunting guide sit in a cozy cabin drinking coffee and going over the game plan for the day, this man has paid his guide an estimated 3,000 dollars for this hunt.The day starts off in the truck as they drive to a hillside to see if spotting a herd will bring them luck, sure enough out of the tree’s comes a beau tiful male elk with an astoundingly big set of antlers. This is where the 3,000 dollars comes in because this man is on a guided elk hunt that has been set up on a high fenced ranch (the animals have no way to escape or be free), the elk are given special grass and food to grow big antlers.The man shoots the elk takes pictures and leaves the meat with the guides who will charge him an additional 500 bucks to get it cut and delivered to his house† People from around the world come to have supposedly the hunt of a lifetime and partake in an event that our ancestors have done but it is far from what actually happens. Many guided hunts are just slaughter of animals because they have no place to be free and live a life, they shoot the animals and the guide hauls it cuts it and prepares it and all you have to do is pay 3,500 dollars for it which is a deal right?Real hunting is when you pay 300 dollars a year to chase fair game through beautiful mountains and enjoy cutting the meat h auling it and doing all of the stuff that makes hunting what it truly is today. HOW ARE ORGANIZATIONS GETTING INVOLVED Many people have a jaded opinion about hunting because they see tv shows about it and the people always shoot the big animals and it all looks so easy but in reality it is not all that easy, real hunting requires patience love and respect for not only the pastime of it but the animals as well.No person will ever be right about wether it is ethical or if it isn’t but everybody can have a say in what they think is right or what they believe in. hunting is such a controversial subject to many people because just like anything, if you don’t know anything about it you are either really interested or very skeptical and I have found that many people are skeptical. Because of all the modern PETA campaigns many people are upset about hunters going out and harvesting an animal because it is an â€Å"innocent† animal that has been killed for pleasure or th rill.But hunting is an art form and a blessed opportunity for humans to provide their family with meat as well as learn more about the outdoors and life. Many campaigns have been run to stop hunting in many states. These campaigns are put together by PETA a non-profit organization that try’s to outlaw the abuse and neglect of animals, also called animal cruelty. Organizations like PETA are against hunting because they are under the impression that hunting is a cruel form of killing helpless innocent animals which is true somewhat.What they do not understand is that while many animals die every year but true hunters will never kill for the fun of shooting a gun or killing. With a lot of the gun laws that the president is trying to pass maybe all of these animal cruelty organizations wont have to keep fighting hunters because if such laws pass then many Americans will not be able to hunt anymore. Rumor has it that PETA is trying to get all gun laws passed just because of the wa y that it could help save many animals every year.Hunting is a very controversial subject because it is so important to some people and many families rely on an animal to be harvested every year. Good hunting ethics are not usually covered by written laws. Ethics are a personal code which dictates how we act. It is conduct that is morally right, safe, proper and fair. According to Aldo Leopold, regarded as the â€Å"father† of wildlife management, â€Å"ethical behavior is doing the right thing when no one else is watching- even when doing the wrong thing is legal. † T. D. Carroll, the Father of Texas Hunter Education, once said: â€Å"There are written and unwritten laws.The written laws tell us what we can and cannot do while the unwritten laws tell us what we should and should not do. † HOW WOULD ANIMALS BE AFFECTED IF WE DID NOT HUNT If we didn't hunt animals they would die of starvation and disease. That is why we have regulations on hunting. And that is wh y bag limits and seasons change yearly. Take for instance the Snow Goose, It is so overpopulated right now that it takes food from animals and fish that are low in population thus the overpopulation of this bird could cause other animals to go extinct.It would not be the hunters causing the extinction. This year there was a conservation order in effect issued by the Colorado Fish and Wildlife Department to hunt as many as you can-no bag limit which seems like a killing frenzy for all of the geese but given the options it really helps all animals. Another instance is with exotic species (species that don't naturally occur in a particular area). For instance here in Colorado, the Mountain Lion does not belong here but It flourishes and if it keeps its pace then it could totally wipe out the population of native species of animals.Thus, the state says you can hunt and kill the Mountain Lion whenever you want and as many as you want, you just have to tell the state where you shot it. Lo ok at the wild pig. Not natural to the United States and now we have a major problem on our hands. They destroy crops and take the food of our natural species. If deer hunting became illegal we would have so many deer in this country no one would be able to drive down the highway without fear of hitting one at 70mph possibly killing the passengers of the vehicle.Or there would be so many deer the food would eventually run out for them causing them to starve to death. Many in Colorado are interested in living a healthy lifestyle, which often includes consuming organically-grown food. â€Å"Locally grown† is becoming an increasingly popular way to enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables and backyard gardens are seeing a resurgence. One of the driving forces for the â€Å"going organic† movement is related to concerns about chemicals and pesticides associated with mass production of our food.Meat from hunting does not go through the chemical-related processes of grocery-store do mestic meats. Hunting and eating wild game provides a lean, â€Å"free-range† protein product similar to that of organic food stores. Moreover, for those who hunt, fresh meat procured through hunting offers a â€Å"do-it-yourself† pride and satisfaction similar to that of growing your own garden. Hunting provides healthier food for the hunter and his/her family. I have nothing against farmers, I support them 100%, but there's more protein in the meat of a wild animal than there is a cow, pig, etc.So, more protein means a healthier cut of meat. It only takes one male to reproduce so anybody that says population control isn't a â€Å"valid† reason to hunt isn’t well equipped with the facts of hunting. Since it only takes one male animal, then there's no reason to have older animals that are not healthy reproduce because that would be passing along weaker genes, and that will make that generation of animals weaker. A lot of people say that hunters only shoot the males animals but that shows just how un-educated they are on this subject.I know many people who will kill a female over a male any day. There's no benefit to just harvesting males and not the females. Each sex needs a specific number harvested to keep the population healthy. Back to the example I used about an older male animal breeding. Same thing goes with female animals. The older they get, the weaker their offspring will be. The less milk they'll produce. The older the animal (males and females), the weaker the state of their body/health.Inbreeding DOES happen where animal populations have exploded. You need a good mix of male and females of different ‘lines' so that you will get healthy offspring. Not only for that aspect of population control- if there are too many animals in a given area no matter if they are mostly males or mostly females, the animals will deplete the area of resources- food, water, cover. So, not only will the animals be at a higher risk for di seases/illnesses like rabies or CWD in deer, the land will be greatly affected by it too.