Causes of Poverty Essay

Development Studies Assignment 4 QUESTION poorness is a multi-faceted conceit that scum bag be defined in dissimilar manners. Write an es give voice in which you -outline this concept as well as distinguish amid absolute and relational destitution. In your controvertion, provide pertinent examples to illustrate your understanding (2 pages) -discuss either three (3) causes of indigence in trio World countries using concrete examples (3pages) READING Study Guide, Unit 4 Regan Chapter 19Assessment evidence shows that you substructure define the overall concept of exiguity using relevant examples define and compargon the concepts of absolute and relative scantiness, using examples to help illustrate your answer use Robert bedchambers deficiency trap to explain how pauperization is a multi faceted concept and how it has some causes and effects discuss three factors which may cause meagreness in the third sphere. ANSWER TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Outlin ing the concept of a multi-faceted poverty 3. Distinction between absolute and relative poverty 4. Discussing any 3 causes of poverty in the world 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography1. INTRODUCTION Where poverty is extreme and un send awaying, kind rights ar eroded the innate(p) resources base deteriorates and human dignity too often gives way to despair. Breaking the calendar method of birth control of poverty is an integral part of festering in every nation UNDP yearbook Report, SourceRegan 2006283. I am going to outline the multi faced poverty, discuss the causes of poverty in the Third World countries. Poverty has been stalling phylogenesis in the poor countries and strategies seduce been developed to fight poverty against the economic Growth. It is true that poverty is worry the heat. It can only be mat up when sensation gets into it, hence to explain poverty is a very thorny task especially to somevirtuoso who has neer experienced it.2. OUTLINING THE CONCEPT OF A MULTI FACETED indigence Poverty is linked to use upiness of adequate food, shelter, education, health, lifespan expectancy, sanitation and access to safe peeing. People living in poverty ar often exposed to ill treatment by governments and institutions of the differentiate and society and atomic number 18 powerless to influence key decisions touch their lives Regan 2006283. nonwithstanding the fact that some(prenominal) positive changes soak up happened in terms of technology, and galvanic pile communications, on that point beholdm to be still a gap between the rich and thepoor.The few rich be taking the biggest part of the riches maculation the biggest put up of the poor is sharing the smaller fortune of the riches, for example, In1960 the richest 20% of the worlds mountain sh ard between them 70% of the built-in wealth of this pla dismiss. By the mid-90s, this figure had increased to over 85% Regan 2006281. We see a big gap there, not talking closely the new fi gures in the recent years. Were there is poverty there is lack of m iodiny to go to domesticate hence illiteracy leading to peerless helplessness to read information around the Economic growth. In that sentiency it becomes a cycle of poverty in which poverty refuses to escape. Population is overly an different factor. When these the great unwashed continue giving birth under those equivalent conditions. So it is important when looking at poverty to look at what really ca utilise the poverty. A well kn aver author of Development issues, Robert Chambers, wrote about what he named the deprivation trap.In the field of operationsholds described by Chamber 1983109, 110, he described the home bases that he named clusters of disadvantage. There is a house hold which is normally child headed after it has been affect by misfortunes want the death of the p arents or by chance the parents died of HIV and AIDS. These children allow for be leftover on their own to fend for each sepa rate. The oldest child there entrust be left to take the siblings to school, fetch them water, and get them food to eat. The home altogether is affected by a combination of parasites, disease and malnutrition. The other family is that which lives very far away from a town, somewhere remote.They dont normally get enough information on the current happenings in the outside world. If they get to travel its only to go visit a relative to ask for m acey or food. Even if they attend meetings, they rarely participate and are not normally seen as important in any aspect except maybe in doing those difficult antics for trifling payments. Giving an example of my rural area of Gutu in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, this scenario really counts when the people from my village normally serious go for policy-making or church service gatheringswhere they are just made to cook for people or just dance without any reasonable understanding. Schoolchildren from the schools surrounding my village normally are asked to do a lot of work for such functions un desire their peers in the urban areas or other bit developed areas. There is besides a household that is vulnerable, less contingencies there is also a householdthat is ignorant, with less or no knowledge. No legal expertise. It is always exploited probably by moneylenders, politicians. Giving an example of the Zimbabwean peasant mortal during the 2013 harmonized elections, they would just accept any regalia from any governmental party because they wanted to find something to wear not because they love the political party.They would even take any food from any direction in a way of seeking a way to survive. There are also some areas like those people who were resettled in Zimbabwe after the nation redistri thoion in 2000 where other families were resettled where there is no any form of communication i.e. radios, cell phones and even transport. Not mentioning schools, they are more than 10-15 kilometers from the hou se. At the end of the day these people comport got not a lot entertainment therefore they end up bearing more and more children where there is no enough food to feed the children, which leads to them suffering from malnutrition and others failing to even go to school forever since there are no schools. They end up having large families of illiterate families who allow foring be marrying the closest family member. Their homes are precariously balanced. With this fourfold household description, Chambers compiled what he called a deprivation trap. Hence summing all this up we learn that somatic weakness, powerlessness, photograph, isolation and poverty do cause the cycle of poverty to never break.3. DISTINCTION BETWEEN RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE POVERTY According to Regan 2006283, lordly poverty is characterized by some people in other part of the world, normally the third world lives on a $1 per day. The nation gets to 1.2billion. Those who live with $2 per day add up to 2.8 bill ion. Relative poverty is normally when the country is deemed not to be living within the borderline requirements. For example in Zimbabwe its now deemed normal not to have electricity or water at a certain clip (high load-shedding) of which it is poverty in the developed countries. Relative poverty therefore measures what percentage of cosmos is poor when a minimum baseline for that country is used as a yardstick.The world Bank describes poverty a serial of deprivations that may include living without fundamental freedoms of action or resource lack of adequate food and shelter, education and health extreme vulnerability to ill-health, Ebonics dislocation and natural disasters existence exposed to ill-treatment by thestate and society powerlessness to influence key decisions4. DISCUSSING ANY 3 CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THE WORLD There are a number of causes of poverty in the world which include dictatorship, lack of education, low wage rates, overpopulation, contend, disease, floods, and natural disasters but here I am going to discuss about just 3 of them which are overpopulation, lack of education and war. a. Overpopulation Percy Bysshe Shelley, one of the finest incline Romantic Poets, The rich grind the poor into abjectness and then complain that they are abject. They goad them to famine, and then hang them if they steal a sheep. Overpopulation refers to when an organisms number exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat?The term usually refers to the alliance between human population and its environment, the earth. World population is currently outgrowth by approximately 75million people per year according to the United Nations Reports and the net growth by mid-century is predicted by the United Nations medium variant to be about 33million, while the low is 13million. Overpopulation in the third world countries is one of the main causes of poverty which have failed to be tackled by experts in population issues. In a poverty reduction process it has become tout ensemble impossible to lower the population because human population tends to grow at a geometrical rate while the ability to produce subsistence increases at a merely arithmetical rate hence finding ourselves in an ever-deepening spiral of suffering caused by overpopulation.The earths capacity ofcourse can absorb big numbers of people but the land is existence used for other not very necessary things instead of exploitation food for the number of people that is growing every second. FAO reports that by 2020, one hundred thirty-five million people may lose their land as a conclusion of s rock oil degradation as well. The exhaustible resources are contain and cannot meet the demands of all the people especially where the rich are acquire into the habit of of having more resources than required. When there is overpopulation reasonably water will be limited, medical care normally will be scarce, unemployment rate increases because many habitants will be looking forward to getting jobs, shelter will be crowded. Money on its own will not be enough to sustain a certain household. Most of the land will be used to build more houses hence reducing land for agriculture to grow crops to feed the people. In a country like Zimbabwe, prior to Robert Mugabes seizure ofthe farmland, the farmers had been using irrigation to deal with drought but during the seizures, untold of the irrigation equipment was either vandalized or looted. A 2006 BBC article about Mugabes land seizure states Critics say the reforms have devastated the economy and led to spacious hunger.Much of the formerly white-owned land is no longer being productively used-either because the beneficiaries have no experience of farming or they lack pay and tools. Many farms were wrecked when they were invaded by government supporters Some argue that without religion, population will be reasonable in the sense that people will be allowed to abort for an instance. The issues of birth cont rol have been religiously viewed in countries like China where overpopulation is also rife. However many children are being born to face malnutrition or preventable diseases as a result of lack of nutritious food and desirable medications. Hence high baby/child mortality rate There is also the issue of snappy water. If the population keeps increasing there is likely tobe less unexampled water available in the world. Water deficit is also branch line grain imports in numerous smaller countries. The water tables are promptly getting exhausted because of the population growth.b. want of Education Studies indicate that if one has little or no education, the chances of them wallowing in poverty are huge. Lack of education is another major cause of poverty in the world. Without education, one cannot go anywhere. Developing countries do have inadequate budgets when it comes to education which is affecting the majority-especially with the growing population. Illiteracy is really a big player in the cycle of poverty that keeps the poor being locked in poverty as they do not have a chance to receive education. In many rural set ups, education is not treated as an important aspect in life especially in the miss child. In many occasions, you find that most children are kept from schools because they are motifed at home to support their families with additional income by working. This cycle of poverty goes this way if one fails to receive education they cannot read or write, they can never listen to the radio and understand what will be talked about-such that its easier for any outsider to come and use them and abuse them because they do not have sufficient if any knowledge orinformation at all. Most black people do not normally count about the future, they just live on a life that is unplanned.When one fails to be well educated, it is difficult to get a good job with good salary to eradicate poverty back in their home. They end up doing menial, lowest paying jobs of which sometimes these jobs are seasonal, meaning when they are not working they just stay at home and have nothing to feed their family with. In the current situation in the world, third education is now whats considered the best for one to get a good job. Just ending in A level or High School will not give one a desired job that has good returns. In the United States 73% of people who do not have a high school grad live in poverty. That is how bad it is. Here in Zimbabwe I can say that the lack of education is bleeding the economy to the last, its also causing too much poverty because in the country like this which has been under the leadership of one person/party.There is too much corruption in the ruling government that they are offering top of the inning posts to uneducated people just because they just went to war Or maybe that they are related to so and so. They get into those offices and they start waging wars, and starving thousands while feeding their families only, fa iling to make their country prosperous. They start abusing the only resources that are there to help the majority of the country. Hence I can say that lack of education causes a lack of strong, prosperous leadership in the government and it causes a deficit of people who are willing to be well informed and willing to act on their own behalf of their own roles in all levels of government. c. war In the third world countries, they are normally characterized by wars normally fueled by civil unrests. War really causes and increases poverty in every other aspect. Not cerebration only about the people who would have died during the war, there is a need to think about the families that would have been left by these people who would have died in the war.What will they eat? And in a normal war situation infrastructure is destroyed i.e. schools, houses, hospitals, roads and even any other types of shelter. That means there are going to be homeless children, adults, no schools to learn in, i ncreasing the poverty. There will be a need to get funds/money to build the infrastructure. Talking about clean and safe water as well, normally after the war the water will be polluted with thechemicals, if there is any water at all. War really affects the economy in a big way because the material and human destruction caused by it is a major development problem. Coming to give an example of Iraq, the only fight over oil caused the whole economy to crumble.The roads became dilapidated, the health sector went down. There had to be help to be sent done the United Nations to start on the economy. In Zimbabwe in the post war era around 1980, there had to be pumped out money to start building, of which, in a poor country like Zimbabwe it is difficult to source funds. Some never recovered from that that they never even decided to go back to school again making it impossible to reduce poverty in their land.5. determination Poverty has got many causes in the world but according to what I have discussed above, there can never be total poverty reduction in the whole world. This poverty topic also makes it unobjectionable that it is difficult to separate causes, effects and characteristics of poverty. The are many ways of poverty reduction, like farming, building dams, creation of employment, prioritizing education. The biggest goal is to reduce poverty through development strategies. Having used the Human Poverty Index and other socio-economic indicators it explores faultfinding features of wealth and poverty divide.6. BIBLIOGRAPHY Regan 2006. 8020, Development in an unequal world Percy Bhsseye Shelley, Romantic Poet United Nation Report Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) Essay on the Principle of Population Paul R. Ehrlich (1968) The Population Bomb